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Relationships
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Questions in this quiz (78)
1What is the main claim of the matching Hypothesis?
- ARelationships form on a basis of similarity of attractiveness
- BRelationships form on the similarity of interests and values
- CYou will be attracted to someone who offers opposite traits to yourself
- DRelationships form on the basis of rational economic decisions(e.g who will be best child carer)
2We form a relationship with people who are similar attractiveness to us
- ATrue
- BFalse
3What are the three main predictions of the matching hypothesis?
- ACouples will have very contrasting personalities and characteristics
- BPeople with higher attractiveness will have higher expectations of partners physical attractiveness
- CCouples will be of similar levels of attractiveness
- DA person will be unhappy is their balance of input/outputs in a relationship is not eqaul
- EWell matched couples (of attractiveness) are likely to be happier
4According to the matching hypothesis, what are people realistic about?
Why is this?- ARealistic about own attractiveness and potential attractiveness of partner.
This is so we have higher chance of pro-creating. - BWe are realistic about how good a relationship can get and how much we can get out of it.
This may be because we have poor alternatives. - CRealistic choices of own attractiveness and thus attractiveness of partner.
This is because we want to get out own affection reciprocated and not be rejected by someone who is more attractive.
- ARealistic about own attractiveness and potential attractiveness of partner.
5What two psychologist provide the main supporting evidence for the matching hypothesis?
- AMurstein and Silverman
- BMurstein and Feingold
- CKerckhoff and Davis
- DFloyd et al
6What two pieces of research support the filter model?
- ALoftus
Silverman - BKerckhoff and Davis
Sprecher - CMurstein and Silverman
- DKerckhoff and Davis
Newcomb
- ALoftus
7What piece of research weakens the filter model?
- ANewcomb
- BSprecher
- CSilverman
8What type of study did Kerckhoff and Davis conduct?
- AObservatoinal
- Blongitudinal
- CCorrelational
9In Kerckhoff and Davis, what were the participants given questionnaires on?
- AAttitude similarity with partner
- BPersonality traits
- CAttractiveness
- DFamily Background
- EExpectations from a relatoinship
10What did Kerckhoff and Davis find was the most important factor up to 18 months of a relationship?
- ACompatibility of emotional needs
- BSimilarity of interests
- CSimilarity of attitudes
11What did Kerckhoff and Davis find was the most important factor AFTER 18 months of a relationship?
- APsychological compatibility
- BAbility to meet each others needs
- CAttitudes and Values
- DSatisfaction in relationship
- EVisions for future
12What two filters does the Kerckhoff and Davis study support?
- AFilter 1- Social/demographic
- BFilter 2- Similarity of attitudes, values and interests
- CFilter 3- Compatibility of emotional needs
13What did Sprecher find?
- ACouples matched on physical attractiveness, social background and interests were most likely to develop a long-term relatoinship
- BAfter 18 months compatibility of emotional need was most important
- CSocials background and interests did not have any effect of the formation of relationships
- DCouples of more similar physical attractiveness were happier
14The general trend in results for the filter model is that it is clear that all the filters have some influence on the formation of relatoinships
- ATrue
- BFalse
15What was Newcomb's procedure?
- AHe placed male students into accommodation to see what relationships develpoed
- BHe had male participants fill out questionnaires on their backgrounds (e.g social class, religion)
- CPlaced people of very similar interests and attitudes together in a house to see if a relationship developed.
16Newcomb found that6 similarity was much more important than familiarity in the formation of relationships. He also found a persons characteristics, like interests and background, could predict whether a friendship developed.
- ATrue
- BFalse
17What filters does Newcomb's study weaken?
- AFilter 1 - Social/demographic background
- BFilter 2- similarity of attitudes, interests and vaules
- CFilter 3- Compatibility of needs
18What two psychologists provide supporting research for Social Exchange theory? (Maintenance of relationships)
- ARusbult
Floyd et al - BSilverman
Feingold - CNewcomb
Rusbolt
- ARusbult
19What sample did Rusbolt use?
- AHetrosexual college students
- BHetrosexual people aged over 45
- CHomosexual university students
20What did Rusbolt find was best at predicting commitment and duration of relationships?
- ASatisfaction in relationship
- BAlternatives
- CInvestments
- DSimilarity of attractiveness
- ESimilarity of interests and attitudes
- FComparison level from past relationships
21FLoyd et al found commitment developed when individuals in a couple....?
- Aare satisfied
- BAttractive
- Cfeel rewarded
- Dhave similar interests
- Ebelieve equally/more attractive alternatives are not availabvle
- Finvested a lot in a relatoinship
22What other points are used to evaluate the social exchange theory?
- APractical applications
- BGeneralisability
- CNature-nurture debate
- DGender bias
23What is the name and dates of the two studies which support the fatal attraction hypothesises?
- AFelmlee (1995)
- BFelmlee et al (2004)
- CBell et al (1997)
- DVan Ypreren and Buunk (2006)
- EHermand and Mack (1990)
24What was Felmlee's (1995) procedure and sample>
- AConducted open interviews on college students
- BConducted open interviews on middle aged pps
- CGave questionnaires to college students
- DGave questionnaires and also conducted open interviews on hetrosexual university couples
25What did Felmlee (1995) find?
- A27% of students showed a pattern of initial attraction to a trait which later became cause of relationship breakdown
- B15.5 % of students showed a pattern of initial attraction to a trait which later became cause of relationship breakdown
- CAll students showed a pattern of initial attraction to a trait which later became the cause of relationship breakdown
- D27% of students showed patterns of idealisation, making excuses for partners behaviour.
- E37% of students shows a pattern of initial attraction to a trait which later became the cause of relationship breakdown
26What did Felmlee (1995) find were the most common characteristics involved in fatal attraction?
- AFun/Foolish
- BSpontaneous/unpredictable
- CAttractive/vain
- DLoving/Controlling
27What procedure and sample did Felmlee et al (2004) use?
- AGave questionnaires to an older sample of participants (around 35yo)
- BInterviewed an older sample of participants (around 35)
- CGave questionnaires to a sample of college students
- DConducted a longitudinal study on a older age group
28What were the findings of Felmlee et al (2004)?
- AThere is a relationship between respondents initial attraction to a partners trait and this trait being expressed "too much"
- BThe more a person was attracted to a trait, the more likely this trait is to be seen as expressed to much later on
- CThere is no relationship between respondents initial attraction to a partner and this trait being expressed "too much"
- D44% of participants search for a partner with both complimentary and similar triats
29What percentage of participants was this fatal attraction found in?
- A15.5%
- B27%
- C24%
- D14.5%
30Felmlee et al (1995): what were the most common characteristics which turned out to be "expressed to much"
- AReliability
- BOpenness to experience
- CExtraversion
- DAttractiveness
31Felmlee's fatal attraction hypothesis can be used to explain all relationship breakdowns.
- ATrue
- BFalse
32What is Felmlee fatal attraction theory incomplete?
- ACannot explain all relationship breakdown as fatal attraction was not displayed in all participants
- BAs it was developed in the western society it cannot be generalised
- CIgnores possible biological factors
33Why is the scientific status of Felmlee's theory doubted?
- A-Small amount of studies only done by one researcher
- BNo physiological evidnece
- CThe theory is unfalisfiable
34How did Betzig (1989) investigate martial breakdown?
- AThey reviewed the "Humans Resources Area Files"
- BInvestigated divorce statistics from different countries
- CConducted a questionnaire study to asses what factors people were mostly likely to end a relationship because of
35What was particularly significant about Betzig's sample?
- AThey were of a range of ages (20yo - 89yo)
- BThey were specially selected in order to be representative of the worlds cultures
- COnly used young people from North American societies
- DSpecially selected so every continent was represented, meaning the sample was more representative
36Betzig: How many societies were selected for the study?
- A27
- B121
- C186
- D201
37Betzig: What were the main order for reasons for divorce? (findings)
- Apersonality
- BInfedility
- CInfertility
- DEconomics
- EIn-laws
- FObsession with Job
- GA original attractive trait being expressed "too much"
- HFears over future
- IImmaturity
- JUnnatractiveness
38Betzig: What were Infidelity, Infertility and Economics ranked as for reasons for divorce?
- A1,2,4
- B2,5,3
- C1,4,6
- D1,3,4
39What was a methodological strength of Betzig's study?
- ACross cultural and representative sample. Reasons consistent over world and must be due to human nature and caused by evolution.
- BStudied a range of sources (e.g Human Resource area files, Divorce statistics, surveys)
- CSample was form a range of ages. The findings can be generalised and we can be sure the reasons are consistent for all ages.
40Apart from Betzig, what other pieces of research offer support for the theory Infidelity causes relationship breakdown
- ADivorce Statistics
- BBuss study
- CFermlee
- DEuler and Witzel
- EClark and Hatfield
41What do divorce statistics show about gender differences in having infidelity as a reason for relationship breakdow
- AWomen are more likely to cite sexual infidelity as a reason for divroce
- BMen are twice as likely than women to cite sexual infidelity as reason for divorce
- CThere is no difference to the likelihood men and women cite sexual infidelity as a reason for divroce
42Why is the Divorce statistics finding particularly surprising?
- AMen are twice as likely to commit adultery than women so would expect more woman to use infidelity as a reason
- BAs we would expect women to be much more upset as they risk a male diverting his effort and resources
43Buss study: how did he investigate sex differences in attitudes towards Infertility?
- AQuestoinaires
- BInterviewed newly divorced couples
- CHad males and females be unfaithful to each other and then observed their reactions
44What did Buss find about mens attitude towards Infidelity?
- AThey are more upset with threat of sexual infidelity than women
- BThey are less upset with threat of infidelity than women
- CMen are equally concerned about Infidelity as women are
- DMen are more upset with emotional aspects of infedility
45What did Buss find about women attitudes towards sexual infidelity?
- AThey are more upset with physical aspect of infidelity
- BMore upset with threat of a man diverting his resources to another women
- CWomen care much less about sexual infidelity than men
46How were Buss's findings replicated?
- ABuunk et al found these sex differences were evident across other countries like Netherlands, Germany and US.
- BSame results found in physiological measure (e.g skin response)
- CBetzig found these sex differences in cultures all over the world
- DFiengold conducted a analyses finding the same trend in sex differnces
47Betzig study: What place did Infertility fall on reasons for divorcee in many cultures?
- A3rd
- B2nd
- C1st
- D5th
48What two studies found a relationship between lack of children and divorce?
- AFisher
- BUN study
- CBuss
- DVan Yperen and Buunk
- EDunbar and Waynforth
49Fisher study: how many countries did he study, over how many years?
- A45 countries over 31 years
- B31 countries over 45 years
- C21 countries over 15 years
- D62 countries over 31 years
50Fisher: In how many of countries was the modal number of children at divorce 0?
- A51%
- B62%
- C39%
- D44%
51UN study: How many societies were studied?
- A45
- B22
- C3
- D67
52UN study: What percentage of divorces occurred when there were no children? (finding)
- A39%
- B62%
- C55%
- D26%
53UN Study: What percentage of divorces occurred with just a single child?
- A26%
- B12%
- C45%
- D19%
54UN study: What percentage of divorces occurred with two children?
- A18%
- B19%
- C24%
- D21%
55For the evidence of lack of children causing divorce, what must we assume 0 children is a sign of?
- AInfertility
- BA poor relationship
- CInfidelity
- DLack of economic support from both parents
56What is one problem with the research support for Infertility causing breakdown of relationships?
- AAssuming a direct cause
- BPopulation validity
- CResearcher bias
57Another reason for lots of divorces occurring when there is no children may be because the parents feel there will be less negative consequences as they have no children, whereas those with children may stay together for their kids.
- ATrue
- BFalse
58What is the main claim of Bowlby's theory of attachment when explaining the influence of childhood on romantic relationship?
- AIndividuals childhood attachment type determines how they approach romantic relationships in later life
- BMaternal deprivation influences romantic relationships in later life
- CIndividuals childhood attachment type influences the type of people we form attachments with later in life
59What is the maternal sensitivity which causes secure attachment?
- AMother is always responsive to child
- BMother's responsiveness is inconsistant
- CMother ignores child
- DMother is over loving and over emotional towards child
60What beliefs do securely attached individuals have about romantic relationships?
- Abelieves in possibility of love
- BBelieves that people are very hard to trust and become close to
- CRealistic about relationship changes
- DDoes not believe in the existence of love
- EIs fearful towards possibility of love
61What are securely attached individuals behaviours in adult relationships?
- ATrusting
- BHigh jealousy and obsession
- CHappy
- DLow jealousy and obsession
- ENot trusting
- FFind it hard to get close to people
- GWill fall in love very easily
62What maternal sensitivity causes Insecure avoidant attachment?
- AIgnores child
- BResponds to child quickly
- CMothers care and response is inconsistant
- DMother and child never form an attachment
63What views of self/others in romantic relationship do Insecurely Avoidant individuals hold?
- ASceptical about love, it existence and surability
- BStrongly believes in love
- CFinds relationship changes difficult
- DBelieves people are not very caring or loving
64What behaviours do Insecure avoidant individuals show in relationships?
- AHard to find a partner they trust
- BFalls in love easily
- CLow friendhsip
- DVery trusting
- ENot very happy in relationships
- FVery jelous
- GLow trust
65What maternal sensitivity causes Insecure resistant attachment?
- AMothers are is inconsistant
- BMother is very responsive to child
- CMother ignores child
- DMother is not present for large parts of child's emotional development
66What beliefs to insecure resistant individuals hold?
- ASceptical about love, its existence and durability
- BBelieves in possibility of love
- CFinds relationship changes diffucult
67In adult relationships, what behaviours do Insecure resistant individuals show?
- AHigh jealousy
- BLow happiness
- CVery happy and committed
- DHigh obsession
- Elow trust
- FFall in and out of love easily
68Who developed the Equity theory? (maintenance of relationships)
- AWalster et al
- BBuunk et al
- CKeegan et al
- DBowlby
69What additional factor does the equity theory include on top of those in the SET?
- AHow much effort is put into a relationship
- BThe relative attractiveness of the individuals in a relationship
- CThe individuals attachment type
- DTheir compatibility of emotional needs
70What two psychologists provide research support for the equity theory?
- ARusbolt
Floyd at al - BKerckhoff and Davis
Sprecher - CMurstein and Silverman
- DWaters et al
Lewis et al - EVan Yperen and Buunk
Walster
- ARusbolt
71What sample did Van Yperen and Buunk use?
- A259 heterosexual couples who were married or co-inhabiting
- B201 heterosexual couples who were steady
- C129 heterosexual couples who were married or co-inhabiting
- Dheterosexual college students
72What questionnaire did Van Yperen and Buunk give their participants?
- AQuestions on their inputs and outputs into a relationship
- BEquity questionnaire
- CHatfield's global measurement of satisfaction
- DOn their interests, values and attitudes
73After one year, what did Van Yperen and Buunk ask their pps?
- AHow satisfied they were with their relationship
- BThe balance of inputs/outputs in their relationship
- CTheir compatibility of needs with their partner
74Van Yperene and Buunk: What couples were most satisfied
- AThose who were in equitable relationships
- BThose matched on attractiveness
- CThose who had good compatibility of psychological needs
- DThose who over benefitted from relationships
75Van Yperen and Buunk: What people were moderately satisfied with their relationship?
- AThose who over-benefitted
- BThose who under-benefitted
- CThose in equitable relationships
- DThose who scored highest on idealisation
76Who did Van Yperen and Buunk find were least satisfied with their relationships?
- AThose who under-benefitted
- BThose who over-benefitted
- CThose is equitable relationships
- DThose who has no similar interests
77Van Yperen and Buunk: What finding weakens SET while supporting the equity theory?
- AThose who over-benefit are moderately satisfied
- BThose in equitable relationships were most happy
- CThe least satisfied people were those who under-benefitted
78What procedure did Walster use?
- AConducted open interviews
- BAsked pps what things them and their partner contribute and get out of relationships
The asked their feelings towards relationship - CGave Hatfields Global measurement of satisfaction questionnaire
- DLongitudinal study where pps were asked about cost and rewards of relationships then a year later asked about satisfaction
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- Description
- Quiz on Relationships, created by Joe Chalk on 05/03/2015.
- Author
- Joe Chalk
- Language
- English
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