Question 1
Question
In the light-dependent stage, ___ energy is trapped by photosynthetic ___, ___. Its ___ occur ___ called ___ which are held in the ___ of the ___.
Answer
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light | pigment | chlorophyll | molecules | grouped together in structures | photosystems | thylakoid membranes | grana
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chemical | pigment | chlorophyll | molecules | grouped together in structures | lightsystems | thylakoid membranes | grana
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light | pigment | chlorophyll | molecules | haphazardly which are also | photosystems | membranes | grana
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light | molecules | chlorophyll | pigment | grouped together in organelles | chlorosystems | stroma | grana
Question 2
Question
In each ___, several ___ ___ molecules plus ___ pigments ( ___ & ___ ) are arranged.
Answer
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photosystem | hundred | chlorophyll | accessory | carotene | xanthophylls
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chlorophyll | hundred | photsystem | accessory | carotene | xanthophylls
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photosystem | thousand | chlorophyll | extra | carroteen | xanthophylls
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photosystem | hundred | stroma | additional | carotene | xanthopills
Question 3
Question
All these ___ ___ harvest ___ energy and funnel it to a ___ chlorophyll ___ of the ___; this is known as the ___ and different ___ around it absorb ___ energy of slightly differnt wavelengths.
Answer
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pigment | molecules | light | single | molecule | photosystem | reaction centre | pigments | light
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grana | molecules | chemical | a few | atoms | photosystem | reaction centre | chemicals | chemical
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pigment | molecules | light | multiple | molecules | photosystem | epicentre | pigments | chemical
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pigment | molecules | chemical | single | molecule | photosystem | reaction point | pigments | light
Question 4
Question
There are two types of photosystem present in the ___ of the __ and these are photosystem I which has a reaction centre acivated by ___ of wavelength ___.
Photosystem II has a reaction centre activated by __ of wavelength ___ and is referred to as ___; Photosystem I is known as ___.
Answer
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thylakoid membranes | grana | light | 700nm | light | 680nm | P680 | P700
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thylakoid membranes | grana | chemical | 700mm | light | 680mm | P700 | P680
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grana | thylakoid membranes | light | 700nm | light | 680nm | P680 | P700
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Stroma | grana | light | 900nm | light | 680nm | P680 | P900
Question 5
Question
Although they have specific and differing roles, ___ I and II occur ___ in the ___ of the __, along with specific ___ i.e. ___ & ___.
Answer
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photosystems | grouped together | thylakoid membranes | grana | proteins | enzymes | electron carrier molecules
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reactions | separately | thylakoid membranes | grana | proteins | carrier proteins | electron carrier molecules
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photosystems | grouped together | thylakoid membranes | grana | molecules | enzymes | proton carrier molecules
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granules | joined | stroma | chlorophyll | proteins | enzymes | electrons
Question 6
Question
Although they have specific and differing roles, ___ I and II occur ___ in the ___ of the __, along with specific ___ i.e. ___ & ___.
Answer
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photosystems | grouped together | thylakoid membranes | grana | proteins | enzymes | electron carrier molecules
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reactions | separately | thylakoid membranes | grana | proteins | carrier proteins | electron carrier molecules
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photosystems | grouped together | thylakoid membranes | grana | molecules | enzymes | proton carrier molecules
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granules | joined | stroma | chlorophyll | proteins | enzymes | electrons
Question 7
Question
Enzymes catalyse :
Answer
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the splitting of water into hydrogen ions, electrons and oxygen atoms.
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the formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate (Pi).
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the conversion of oxidised H-carrier (NADP+) to reduced carrier (NADPH + H+).
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the splitting of hydrogen into hydrogen ions & electrons.
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the formation of ADP from ATP and phosphate (Pi).
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the conversion of oxidised H-carrier (NAD+) to reduced carrier (NADH + H+).
Question 8
Question
When ___ reaches the reaction centre, ___ of the key ___ molecule are ___ to an '___' state by the ___ energy received.
Answer
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light | ground-state electrons | chlorophyll | raised | excited | light
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chemical | ground-state electrons | stroma | raised | excited | light
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light | sky-state electrons | chlorophyll | lowered | excited | chemical
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light | ground-state protons | chlorophyll | raised | dejected | light
Question 9
Question
As a result, ___ energy ___ are released from this ___ molecule and bring about the ___ changes of the light ___ reactions, whilst the spaces vacated by them are continuously refilled by ___ or ___ ___.
Answer
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high | electrons | chlorophyll | biochemical | dependent | non-excited | ground-state | electrons
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low | electrons | grana | biochemical | dependent | non-excited | ground-state | protons
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high | electrons | chlorophyll | chemical | dependent | non-state | ground-excited | electrons
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high | protons | chlorophyll | biochemical | independent | non-excited | ground-state | electrons
Question 10
Question
First the ___ electrons from photosystem ___ are picked up and passed along a ___.
Answer
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excited | II | chain of electron carriers
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ground-state | II | chain of proton carriers
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excited | I | chain of electron carriers
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non-excited | I | chain of hydrogen carriers
Question 11
Question
As these ___ electrons pass, some of the causes the pumping of ___ from the ___ ___ into the ___, where they accumulate causing the pH to ___.
Answer
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excited | protons | chloroplast's | matrix | thylakoid spaces | drop
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ground-state | hydrogen ions | chloroplast's | matrix | thylakoid spaces | increase
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excited | hydrogen ions | chloroplast's | membrane | thylakoid membranes | drop
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excited | hydrogen ions | chloroplast's | matrix | thylakoid spaces | increase
Question 12
Question
The resulting ___ gradient created across the ___ ___ sustains teh synthesis of ___ and is another example of ___.
Answer
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proton | thylakoid | membrane | ATP | chemiosmosis
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electron | thylakoid | membrane | ADP | chemiosmosis
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proton | thylakoid | matrix | ATP | chemiosmosis
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proton | mitochondrial | membrane | ATP | phosphorylation
Question 13
Question
As a result of these energy transfers, the excitation level of the ___ ___ and they come to fill the vacancies in the ___ of photosystem __. Meanwhile the 'holes' in the ___ of photosystem __ are filled by ___ in their ___ state from ___ molecules.
Answer
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electrons | falls back to the ground-state | reaction centre | I | reaction centre | II | electrons | ground | water
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protons | falls back to the ground-state | epicentre | I | reaction centre | II | electrons | non-excited | water
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electrons | falls back to the non-excited-state | reaction centre | I | reaction centre | II | protons | ground | hydrogen
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electrons | stays the same | reaction centre | I | reaction centre | I | electrons | excited | water
Question 14
Question
The ___ charged '___' in photosystem __ are powerful enough to cause the splitting of ___ ( ___ ) in the presence of a specific ___, which then triggers release of ___ and ___ as well as ___.
Answer
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positively | vacancies | II | water | photolysis | enzyme | hydrogen ions | oxygen atoms | ground-state electrons
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positively | electrons | II | water | electrolysis | enzyme | hydrogen atoms | oxygen ions | ground-state electrons
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negatively | vacancies | II | hydrogen | photolysis | enzyme | hydrogen ions | oxygen atoms | non-excited-state electrons
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positively | vacancies | I | water | photolysis | enzyme | hydrogen ions | oxygen atoms | excited electrons
Question 15
Question
The ___ atoms combine to form ___ -the ___ of photosynthesis; meanwhile the ___ ions are used in the ___ of ___.
Answer
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oxygen | molecular oxygen | waste product | hydrogen | reduction | NADP+
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hydrogen | molecular oxygen | waste product | oxygen | reduction | NADP
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oxygen | oxygen | waste product | hydrogen | reduction | NAD
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oxygen | molecular oxygen | product | hydrogen | reduction | NADP+