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AS biology Unit 1-Atherosclerosis and the heart

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The heart and circulation
briella-awele
Quiz by briella-awele, updated more than 1 year ago
briella-awele
Created by briella-awele about 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is the main purpose of the heart and the circulatory system?
Answer
  • Primarily used for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air we breathe and blood
  • To move substances around the body
  • To collect carbon dioxide waste materials and fluids for return to the veins.

Question 2

Question
Diffusion is the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane in the direction that is, from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
When it comes to movement of substances around the body, what is the problem for humans and mammals?
Answer
  • They are smaller and so cannot have enough space for movement to take place
  • They only have one cell that is used to function their entire being
  • They have problems functioning properly
  • They are too large for diffusion to move substances around their bodies quickly enough

Question 4

Question
Multicellular organisms deal with their difficulty in moving substances around the body because they usually have blood to carry vital substances around their bodies and a heart to pump it around
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
Difference between open and closed circulatory systems?
Answer
  • In closed systems: Simple heart pumps blood into the cavities but returns the blood back to the heart, and then to the body In open systems: The heart pumps blood around the body and substances diffuse between the organs and cells
  • In closed systems: blood is enclosed within tubes. the blood is forced along fairly narrow channels instead of flowing into large cavities In open systems: simple heart pumps blood out into cavities surrounding the animal’s organs. Substances can diffuse between the blood and cells. When the heart muscle relaxes, blood is drawn from the cavity back into the heart, through small valved openings along its length.
  • In closed systems: The blood flows in the body organs which uses enclosed tubes to send it back to the heart In open systems: The heart pumps the blood in cavaties and then blood is drawn from cavity back into the heart

Question 6

Question
Closed circulatory systems are much slower because they are larger and need less pressure to move substances
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
In a human the blood flows through the heart once for each complete circuit of the body.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
Why do mammals and birds have higher metabolic rates?
Answer
  • The oxygen and food substances required for metabolic processes can be delivered more rapidly to cells in mammals and birds
  • There are extremely large numbers of capillaries which ensure oxygen is exchanged quicker
  • Longer time for the blood to circulate around their body
  • Organs diffuse substances quicker to the body , then the heart accepts quicker and then pump blood around.

Question 9

Question
That is a diagram of a human circulatory system...
Image:
52fca12f-9e61-40cd-a612-19758afe1ef6 (image/jpg)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
The transport medium in animals is usually blood
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
The blood leaves the heart under pressure and flows along venules to capillaries.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
What is the function of a valve?
Answer
  • To prevent the blood from flowing in the arteries
  • To prevent the entrance of waste in the blood
  • To ensure that blood flows only in one direction
  • To ensure that the heomoglobin in the blood has enough oxygen

Question 13

Question
What plays a vital role in regulation of body temperature, transferring energy around the body.
Answer
  • Water
  • Blood
  • Lymph
  • Saliva
  • Urine

Question 14

Question
The reason water has an unevenly distributed electrical charge is because it is heavily ionised
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
Many biochemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm of cells due to the solvent properties of water
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
Polar molecules are said to be...
Answer
  • Hydrophobic
  • Hydrophilic
  • None of the above

Question 17

Question
Why is it difficult for lipids to be transported by transport mediums in the body?
Answer
  • Lipids have no ionic properties
  • Lipids are hydrophobic
  • Lipids are very soluble
  • Lipids have strong covalent bonds

Question 18

Question
Lipids can be transported around the body by binding with amino acids to form lipoproteins which can then be transported by transport mediums
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
The specifi c heat capacity of water, the amount of energy in joules required to raise the temperature of 1 cm3 (1 g) of water by 10 ºC, is very high
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
 In the diagram, which labeled structures are atrioventricular valves?
Image:
49a80543-778f-411f-b6ab-285f2bf65b02 (image/jpg)
Answer
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E

Question 21

Question
What makes arteries and vessels strong and durable?
Answer
  • Thick walls
  • Muscle
  • Collagen
  • Fibres

Question 22

Question
During diastole, blood is forced into arteries and their elastic walls stretch to accommodate the blood.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
What occurs when you feel a pulse?
Answer
  • An artery has just passed over a bone close to the skin.
  • A valve has just closed
  • The vein that has passed over a bone close to the skin has just returned blood back to the heart
  • None of the above

Question 24

Question
By the time the blood reaches the smaller arteries and capillaries there is a steady flow of blood.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
The diagram shows a vein
Image:
c6e1b0c7-484c-4aef-b2f5-95702fc4fa56 (image/png)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
The heart muscle is supplied with blood through two vessels called the
Answer
  • Circumflex artery
  • Marginal artery
  • Mitral artery
  • Cardiac vein
  • Coronary artery

Question 27

Question
One complete sequence of filling and pumping blood is called a
Answer
  • Pulmonary cycle
  • Heartbeat
  • Cardiac cycle
  • Pulse

Question 28

Question
The cardiac cycle can be simplified into four phases
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
Blood under low pressure flows into the left and right atria from the
Answer
  • Pulmonary veins and vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava and Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary vein and right ventricle
  • Just the vena cava

Question 30

Question
What phase of the cardiac cycle when the atrioventricular valves are forced open, when the atria fills up with blood
Answer
  • Ventricular systole
  • Ventricular diastole
  • Atrial systole
  • None of the above

Question 31

Question
What is the correct order of the phases in the cardiac cycle
Answer
  • Atrial systole, Diastole, Ventricular systole
  • Ventricular systole, Atrial systole, Ventricular Diastole, Atrial Diastole
  • Atrial systole, Atrial diastole, Ventricular systole, Ventricular diastole
  • Atrial systole, Ventricular systole, Diastole

Question 32

Question
Closing of the bicuspid valves and then the tricuspid valves creates the characteristic sounds of the heart.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 33

Question
Thrombosis is the the disease process that leads to coronary heart disease and strokes
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
What are some of the causes of when the arteries have been narrowed?
Answer
  • Athletes foot and Heart attack
  • Gangrene and Tissue death
  • Swelling and skin redness
  • Chest pain and Scars

Question 35

Question
A deposit of cholesterol that builds up is called an atheroma
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
This picture shows a
Image:
5ee739a2-ef6f-45c8-802d-5fd9244adbc7 (image/jpg)
Answer
  • A diseased coronary artery
  • A healthy coronary artery
  • A platelet
  • A diseased pulmonary vein

Question 37

Question
Platelets are a type of blood cell with a nuclues
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
What happens to platelets when they reach a damaged cell?
Answer
  • They differentiate to form more platelets
  • The shrink and stick to each other to form a better a shape
  • They change shape
  • Release substances that activate to make more platelets
  • They grow longer in order to be able to reach and stick to the damaged cell

Question 39

Question
Platets change their cell surfaces causing them to stick to the exposed collagen in the wall
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
What causes a complex series of chemical changes in the blood?
Answer
  • The direct contact of blood with collagen
  • Exercise
  • Eating
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Question 41

Question
Prothrombin is insoluble
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
The first stage of clotting is that thrombrin is converted to prothrombin
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
Fibronogen is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of another soluble plasma protein
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
The reason fibrin can form a tangled mesh with its strands is because of its insolubility
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
Arteries get atherosclerosis because of the fast flowing blood under preassure causing damage to the walls
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
Veins and Arteries get atherosclerosis
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
Thromboplastin is released from fibronogen in order to make it easier to convert to fibrin
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
In the False-colour scanning electron micrograph, the green coloured substance is the...
Image:
0e8cca03-1056-4f84-b054-f0c20a88625a (image/png)
Answer
  • Fibrins
  • Platelets
  • Cells
  • Fibronogen

Question 49

Question
In the False-colour scanning electron micrograph, the yellow coloured substance is the...
Image:
fb8d5b18-142a-4ad8-965a-258a7d543e13 (image/png)
Answer
  • Fibrins
  • Platelets
  • Fiibronogens
  • Cells

Question 50

Question
Angina is chest burn caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 51

Question
Why do we feel pain when we have coronary heart disease?
Answer
  • Chemical changes when the muscle respires anaerobically
  • The burning of the heart muscle after damage to the cells due to high blood pressure in the arteries
  • Lack of blood supply to the brain
  • Dead cells occupying areas of heart tissue
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