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How do attitudes form?

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BSc PS407 Social Psychology (The Social Judge (Chapter 4)) Quiz on How do attitudes form?, created by Petite Piplup on 23/10/2013.
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Quiz by Petite Piplup, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Petite Piplup over 10 years ago
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Question 1

Question
What are the ABCs of attitude formation?
Answer
  • Affect, Behaviour, Cognition
  • Attitude, Behaviour, Cognition
  • Affect, Behaviour, Construction
  • Attitude, Behaviour, Construction

Question 2

Question
In relation to an attitude object what is "affect"?
Answer
  • Feelings/emotions influence attitudes
  • The affect the attitude has on others areas
  • The feelings/emotions that derive from the attitudes
  • The feelings other individuals have towards an attitude object

Question 3

Question
What are behavioural attitude sources? - MORE INFO IN NOTES
Answer
  • Infer attitudes based on own behaviour
  • Infer attitudes based on other's behaviour
  • Form attitudes based on own behaviour
  • Form attitudes based on other's behaviour

Question 4

Question
What are cognitive attitude sources?
Answer
  • Based on rational arguments for and against the attitude object
  • Based on reflections of feelings related to attitude object
  • Attitudes formed based on reliable sources, such as research papers
  • Based on rational arguments presented to the individual for/against the attitude object

Question 5

Question
Affective attitude source: What is the mere exposure effect?
Answer
  • The more the exposure toward an attitude object, the more favourable the attitude towards it
  • The more to exposure to an attitude object, the less favourable the attitude towards it
  • The more exposure to an attitude object the more likely the opposite attitude towards it is to form
  • The more exposure to an attitude object the more likely the current attitude towards it is to strengthen

Question 6

Question
Behavioural attitude source: Outline Bem's self-perception theory
Answer
  • When unable to directly access an attitude an individual will infer it based on their behaviour
  • When unable to directly access an attitude an individual will infer it based on others' behaviour
  • When unable to directly access an attitude an individual will form a new attitude based on logical reasoning
  • When unable to directly access an attitude an individual will form a new attitude based on their current social situation

Question 7

Question
Affective attitude source: What did Zajonc (1968) find regarding the mere exposure effect?
Answer
  • Individuals more likely to say that familiar nonsense words/characters (exposed to earlier in experiment) meant something positive
  • Individuals more likely to say that familiar nonsense words/characters (exposed to earlier in experiment) meant something negative
  • Familiar objects are perceived more fluently
  • Familiar objects are perceived less fluently

Question 8

Question
Affective attitude source: What two processes did Bornstein & D'Agostino (1992) argue resulted in the mere exposure effect?
Answer
  • Familiar objects perceived more fluently
  • Individuals make incorrect attribution for this perceptual fluency
  • The more people around the individual that "likes" the AO leads to the individual believing they should "like" it too
  • The individual will construct for and against opinions of the AO based on others' reactions to it

Question 9

Question
What is the Social Learning approach to how attitudes form?
Answer
  • Individuals acquire attitudes/behaviours from others
  • Individuals are told by others how to behave and what their attitudes should be
  • Individuals construct their own attitudes and bahviours based on information they observe from significant others
  • Individuals act in a similar way to others and adopt others' attitudes in order to gain social acceptance

Question 10

Question
Social Learning: Outline Classical Conditioning
Answer
  • A stimulus is associated with AO that elicits pos/neg response, then pos/neg attitude forms to stimulus
  • A behaviour is met by positive or negative reinforcement or punishment, therefore the behaviour is then associated with a pos/neg attitude
  • The behaviour is repeated due to praise from a significant other, pairing a positive attitude to the behaviour
  • The behaviour is stopped due to criticism from a significant other, pairing a negative attitude to the behaviour

Question 11

Question
Social Learning: What is subliminal conditioning?
Answer
  • Unconscious classical conditioning
  • Conditioning of a pos/neg attitude towards an AO under hypontism
  • Conditioning of a pos/neg attitude towards an AO in experimental conditions using deception
  • Conditioning of a pos/neg attitude towards an AO whilst the individual is asleep

Question 12

Question
Social Learning: What is instrumental conditioning?
Answer
  • Attitudes can be reinforced/diffused via pos/neg reinforcement and punishment
  • Stimulus associated with AO that elicits pos/neg response, then pos/neg attitude forms to stimulus
  • Attitudes/behaviours influenced by observing others
  • Conditioning that occurs unconsciously through observing others

Question 13

Question
Social Learning: What is observational learning?
Answer
  • Attitudes/behaviours influenced by observing others
  • Attitudes/behaviours formed due to wanting to "fit into" observed social group
  • Attitudes/behaviours formed through observation due to not wanting to be socially excluded
  • The majority influences the individuals attitude/behaviours

Question 14

Question
What do innate factors assume about forming attitudes?
Answer
  • Some important attitude features are inherited
  • Some important attitude features develop naturally despite genetics or the social world
  • Some innate brain features lead to behaviours to occur that lead to attitude formation
  • Forming attitudes is an innate factor that every individual completes in approximately the same way

Question 15

Question
Innate Factors of Attitude Formation: What have studies with monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic twins shown?
Answer
  • Attitudes of monozygotic twins are more strongly related even if they are brought up apart
  • Attitudes of monozygotic twins are more strongly related only if they are brought up apart
  • Attitudes of dizygotic twins are more strongly related even if they are brought up apart
  • Attitudes of dizygotic twins are more strongly related only if they are brought up apart

Question 16

Question
Attitude constancy and balance: Outline Heider's (1958) balance theory MORE DETAILED INFORMATION, READ NOTES
Answer
  • Consistent attitudes are in balance and form coherent whole
  • Individuals balance arguments for and against the AO before fully adopting an attitude
  • The attitude an individual has tends to remain constant throughout their life time
  • The individual only adopts new attitudes if they are constant, and in balance with current attitudes

Question 17

Question
Outline social representations: The social formation of attitudes
Answer
  • Attitudes are built up by groups via social interaction
  • Individuals adopt attitude based on what others' around them think
  • Individuals use social representations in order to form attitudes
  • Attitudes are formed through observations of the social world
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