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Sociology Midterm Study Guide
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Questions in this quiz (59)
1Blake and his two sisters grew up in a multigenerational household. This means that they
- Alived with their parents and grandparents
- Bwere cared for by only one parent
- Cwill stay in their parents’ house after marriage.
- Dlived in the same house in which their ancestors had lived
- Ewere brought up by parents and step-parents
2Which of the following is true about socialization?
- AIt produces people who are all entirely the same
- BIt is a powerful force in shaping who we are
- CIt is always successful.
- DIt produces people who behave without feelings
- EIt is always voluntary and mild.
3Functionalism details the processes of socialization and how they work
- ATrue
- BFalse
4Before her interview at a potential new employer, Jayna, who is often quite sarcastic and has quite a sense of humor, practices responding to likely interview questions with a friend. By doing these things, which of the three expressive resources of impression management is Jayna working to control?
- AManner
- BIdentity
- CAppearance
- DSetting
- ERole
5Research suggests that even children who are socially isolated and deprived of normal nurturing will develop normally as long as they are physically healthy.
- ATrue
- BFalse
6Jake, a 15-year-old, has been brought up by authoritarian parents who are very demanding and punitive when he fails to measure up to their standards. As a result, he is likely to resist peer pressure to use alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs.
- ATrue
- BFalse
7According to your text, two of the most important roles in adulthood are
- Acaring for children and caring for elderly parents.
- Beducation and work
- Cfinding love and finding meaning
- Dparenthood and grandparenthood.
- Ework and parenthood
8Internalization is the process of self-evaluation and informed decision making.
- ATrue
- BFalse
9The concept of the looking-glass self was proposed by Charles Horton Cooley to explain why adolescents are so self-absorbed
- ATrue
- BFalse
10Which of the following scenarios supports the argument that nurture is particularly important in shaping behavior?
- ALogan and his twin sister were raised by positive, affirming parents. Logan, however, suffered from attention deficit disorder, which is more common among men, while his sister did not.
- BBenjie’s father, an alcoholic, suffered from liver damage. He advised his son from a young age to avoid such destructive habits, and Benjie grew up to have a healthy lifestyle.
- CEvelyn, like all the women in her family, outlived her husband
- DJoshua has been diagnosed with skin cancer, but none of his sisters have been
- EKamela’s sense of smell was far more acute than her husband’s, enabling her to be able to tell what seasoning her food needed without tasting it.
11Resocialization in total institutions is an intense five-step process.
- ATrue
- BFalse
12According to Mead, children begin to learn role taking by emulating significant others during the _____ stage
- Alast
- Bgame
- Cplay
- Dpreparatory
- Efirst
13Peers can help each other develop a positive looking-glass self.
- ATrue
- BFalse
14According to George Herbert Mead, the most critical social interaction occurs
- Aamong strangers
- Bamong peers
- Camong friends
- Din the family
- Ein the society
15Which statement about the precipitous mood and behavior changes of adolescents is the most accurate?
- AAdolescents who are raised properly will not experience any problems with moodiness or impulsive behavior.
- BAdolescents simply have raging hormones, and those hormones distract them from being able to control their impulses and behaviors
- CBrain regions mature at different rates, and the part of the brain responsible for controlling impulses and planning ahead is among the last to mature.
- DPrecipitous mood and behavior changes among adolescents are a myth and do not occur in normally developing adolescents.
- EBrain regions mature at different rates, and the part of the brain responsible for processing information is among the last to mature.
16According to sociologists, all statuses are important because statuses
- Aare assigned by society
- Bare inherent qualities
- Creflect individual choices
- Ddetermine social identity
- Eare immutable
17A master status is usually not immediately apparent to others
- ATrue
- BFalse
18Timothy and Kiley were asked to conduct an experiment by their sociology professor. They went to a local shopping mall and used the up escalator to go down and the down escalator to go up. They watched the reactions of others and wrote a paper describing the experience. Which of the following methodological tools were Timothy and Kiley using?
- ADramaturgical analysis
- BAutoethnography
- CEthnomethodology
- DFrame Analysis
- EContent analysis
19Which of the following is a difference between ascribed and achieved statuses?
- AUnlike ascribed statues, achieved statuses remain the same from the time of birth
- BAscribed statuses are variable, whereas achieved statuses are invariable.
- CAscribed statuses cannot be controlled, whereas achieved statuses can be controlled and changed
- DUnlike ascribed statuses, achieved statuses dictate social standing
- EAscribed statuses cannot be observed, whereas achieved statuses are readily observable.
20The saying “once on the Internet, always on the Internet” is no longer true thanks to the efforts of privacy advocates, who have made sure that anything that a user deletes is actually deleted.
- ATrue
- BFalse
21The higher the socioeconomic status, the greater the consumption of space.
- ATrue
- BFalse
22Amanda is a sales associate at a big box store where she, like her coworkers, is expected to be courteous and respectful to customers who do things like get angry at her about prices, insist that she repeatedly rerun their debit card despite it having been declined twice because they know they have enough, or walk up to her while she is wearing her store uniform shirt with a her store nametag and ask, “Do you work here?” However, once in the breakroom, Amanda and her coworkers express their true opinions. The breakroom would be understood in dramaturgical analysis as representing
- Astaging area
- Bthe back stage
- Ca red zone
- Da safe space
- Ethe front zone
23Sociologists call the behavior expected of a person who has a particular status a(n)
- Areification
- Bqualification
- Cexternality
- Dmandate
- Erole
24Researchers have found which of the following statements to be true?
- AMen are more talkative than women are when talking about themselves.
- BDuring decision-making tasks, women are more talkative than men are
- CWomen are more likely than men to give unsolicited and unwanted advice
- DWomen are more likely than men to interrupt others while talking.
- EMen are more likely than women to speak more frequently and for longer periods.
25Mary is a single mother of two young children and works in an office. To make sure that her children arrive at school on time, Mary shifts her office timing so that she can work from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. on weekdays. Which coping strategy is Mary using to deal with the role conflict that she faces?
- AExiting both the roles
- BCompartmentalizing roles
- CCompromising any one role
- DDenying that there is a problem
- ESetting priorities
26“Uptalk” is a style of speech in which the speaker tries to encourage, or buoy up others.
- ATrue
- BFalse
27A(n) _____ status is a social position that a person attains through personal effort or assumes voluntarily.
- Adesignated
- Bassigned
- Cascribed
- Dattributed
- Eachieved
28Cross-cultural research suggests that men smile more than women.
- ATrue
- BFalse
29Status inconsistency is
- Athe conflict that arises from occupying social positions that are ranked differently
- Ba shifting communication pattern that governs people’s interpersonal relationships
- Cthe behavior expected of a person who has a particular status
- Dthe actual behavior of a person who occupies a status
- Ea social position that a person attains through personal effort
30Thomas and his colleagues are making a decision about whether to close a factory, update its equipment, or sell it off. Because the decision is a controversial one, the group does not seek outside opinions, and because of shareholder pressure, they need to make a very quick decision. Thomas himself prefers to sell the factory off, as doing so will bring in a much-needed influx of cash, and when anyone brings up any objections to selling it off or suggests another route, he brings the discussion back to the company’s need for cash. Under these conditions, the decision making is likely to be influenced by
- Arisky shift
- Bexternal attributions
- Cgroupthink
- Dsunk cost effects
- Eindividuality
31Erin, Macy, and Nancy are good friends. However, because of a misunderstanding, Erin gets angry at Macy and, after she persuades Nancy that Macy was at fault, Erin and Nancy begin excluding Macy from conversations and activities. This situation is an example of the disadvantages of a(n)
- Aout-group
- Bdyad
- Ctriad
- Dsecondary group
- Eaffective group
32According to _____, organizations are made up of interrelated parts and rules and regulations that produce cooperation in meeting a common goal.
- Asymbolic interactionists
- Brational choice theorists
- Cconflict theorists
- Dfeminists
- Efunctionalists
33Solomon Asch demonstrated that groups can persuade individuals to agree with them, even when the group’s position is objectively and very obviously wrong.
- ATrue
- BFalse
34Which of the following is true of ideal types?
- AThey provide concrete, specific descriptions of reality.
- BThey are small, intimate groups that have a large impact on social identity
- CThey are characterized as concrete demonstrations of norms
- DThey describe specific cases of social interactions
- EThey provide composite pictures of how structures, events, and behaviors differ.
35The Stanford Prison Experiment underscores how easy it is for “normal” people to exercise authority to the point of harming others when there is group pressure to do so.
- ATrue
- BFalse
36One of the major criticisms of functionalist theory is that it
- Atends to gloss over dysfunctions like worker dissatisfaction and alienation.
- Bignores macro-level factors affecting social organizations
- Cemphasizes that social groups and organizations are composed of interrelated parts.
- Dcorrectly identifies how informal social networks influence organizations
- Eassumes greater equality leads to a more successful and productive organization
37James works for a manager who has a generally laissez-faire management approach. While a number of his coworkers like the laid-back atmosphere and low expectations, James and several others are concerned that the division will be targeted for elimination because of its low productivity. This small, motivated group decides to try to change the norms, and begins focusing on excellence and the early completion of tasks, an approach that wins praise from their manager’s supervisor. Other coworkers slowly begin to adopt the new norms, and the division’s overall productivity rises. James and his coworkers have demonstrated a claim made by
- Asymbolic interaction theory
- Bfunctionalist theory
- Cfeminist theory
- Dconflict theory
- Eexchange theory
38Which of the following is an example of a distant social network?
- ALinkedIn subscribers
- BMembers of a street gang
- CYour immediate family members
- DYour friends in a class
- EYour girlfriend or boyfriend
39A formal organization is a complex and structured primary group designed to achieve specific goals in an efficient manner.
- ATrue
- BFalse
40_____ focus on interpersonal relationships rather than examining groups and organizations on a macro level.
- AConflict theorists
- BFunctionalists
- CSymbolic interactionists
- DRational choice theorists
- EExchange theorists
41Unlike primary groups, reference groups
- AAre not easily replaced
- BRarely provide personal support
- Cserve purely instrumental functions.
- Dhave no particular impact on identity
- Eprovide face-to-face interaction
42Which of the following is true of formal organizations?
- ASocial statuses and roles in formal organizations are organized around shared expectations
- BFormal organizations discourage the use of norms governing social relationships among members
- CMembership in formal organizations is always voluntary
- DBusinesses and societies using formal organization have similar goals and degrees of hierarchy
- EFormal organizations use primary groups to achieve their organizational goals
43Which of the following is a criticism of feminist theories?
- AThey exaggerate cooperation and tend to gloss over dysfunctions such as worker dissatisfaction and alienation
- BMuch of their emphasis is on white and black women but not other groups of women
- CThey don’t explore how men’s attitudes affect women in the workplace
- DThey undermine the importance of informal groups at the workplace
- EThey ignore macro-level factors that exploit workers and consumers
44Who among the following is most likely to be affected by a glass ceiling?
- AMen who have newly joined a company
- BOlder people in top management positions
- CMen in managerial positions
- DWomen in clerical positions
- EWomen who own and run their companies
45Two of the best-known explanations of deviance offered by symbolic interactionists are
- Acollectivistic and individualistic
- Bperson-centered and group-centered
- Cgoals and instrumental means
- Danomie and strain
- Elabeling and differential association
46Which of the following is categorized as a property crime?
- ATrafficking
- BAggravated assault
- CRape
- DBurglary
- EKidnapping
47Which of the following is true of white-collar crimes and criminals?
- AWhite-collar criminals use their status and powerful positions to enrich themselves or others
- BWhite-collar crimes may harm corporations, but they do not harm average people
- CWhite-collar crimes are intended to enrich corporations at the expense of customers
- DWhite-collar crimes are typically investigated and prosecuted zealously
- EWhite-collar criminals are typically “Robin Hoods,” taking from the rich to give to the poor
48Sociologists are especially interested in _____ deviance, behavior that violates laws, because it _____.
- Aregulatory; typically follows a consistent pattern
- Bstatutory; typically follows a consistent pattern
- Ccriminal; threatens people’s lives or property
- Dregulatory; is easy to measure
- Ecriminal; is easy to measure
49Organizational crime _____, while organized crime _____.
- Ais often extremely violent; is typically nonviolent and involves fraud and similar activities
- Binvolves illegal goods and services; involves activities that are inherently illegal
- Cis committed by executives to benefit themselves; refers to the provision of illegal goods and services for profit
- Dtypically inspires great fear in the public; is largely invisible and thus not feared
- Eis often zealously prosecuted; is rarely identified and thus rarely prosecuted
50A college dean suspends a student who was found to have hacked into the university computer system in order to change students’ grades. Which of the following does the dean’s behavior exemplify?
- APositive sanctioning
- BFormal social control
- CInformal social control
- DInstrumental control
- EConditional sanctioning
51Crimes like illicit drug use, prostitution, illegal gambling, and pornography are called _____ because _____.
- Ahedonistic crimes; those who commit the crimes enjoy doing so
- Bsocietal crimes; they cause harm to social order
- Cvictimless crimes; they have no direct victims.
- Dchoice crimes; they are a matter of individual choice
- Eanomic crimes; they reflect a disintegration of norms
52John and his associates hijack trucks carrying cigarettes and sell the cigarettes at low prices, without the required tax stamps. John is involved in
- Awhite-collar crime
- Borganizational crime
- Cstreet crime
- Dcybercrime
- Eorganized crime
53Gracie very much wants to support herself but, one year after being laid off from her job as a clerical worker, has been unable to find another job. When a friend suggests Gracie work for an online “escort” service, Gracie gratefully takes the opportunity. Gracie is best described as relying on which mode of adaptation?
- ARitualism
- BInnovation
- CRetreatism
- DConformity
- ERebellion
54According to functionalists, deviance is functional when it
- Areduces tension and insecurity
- Bincreases confidence in institutions
- Cimpedes social change
- Dincreases trust in personal and formal relationships
- Ebolsters the economy
55Lawmakers in some jurisdictions have passed laws making wearing baggy pants a misdemeanor offense. This represents the _____ of deviance.
- Asubjugation
- Bindemnification
- Cmedicalization
- Dcriminalization
- Enormalization
56Which of the following crimes is categorized as a violent crime?
- ARobbery
- BComputer fraud
- CArson
- DIntellectual Property Theft
- EMotor-vehicle theft
57In 2015, the most common reason for hate crimes was _____ bias.
- ASexual orientation
- BReligious
- CGender identity
- DRace/Ethnicity/Ancestry
- EDisability
58Which of the following is a criticism of labeling theory?
- AIt doesn’t explain why people are deviant before labeling occurs.
- BIt focuses on who develops labels rather than the impact of labels
- CIt doesn’t explain how labeling increases deviant behavior
- DIt ignores structural factors that increase the likelihood of some people being labeled deviant
59Which statement about gender differences in arrest rates is true?
- AMore than half of those charged with fraud are women
- BAbout half of those charged with prostitution are women
- CMore half of those charged with property crimes are women
- DAbout half of those charged with embezzlement are women
- EMore than half of those charged with assault are women
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- Sociology Quiz on Sociology Midterm Study Guide, created by Joshua Baez on 06/10/2023.
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