Quiz
Genes and Variation
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Questions in this quiz (13)
1A [blank_start]gene[blank_end] is a region of DNA that has a function and is involved in the production of protein.
A protein may be responsible for a particular physical or chemical characteristic of an organism.
Each type of chromosome carries genes that are unique to that chromosome.- Agene
2Genes that are located on the same chromosome are said to be linked (gene linkage).
Sexually producing offspring have [blank_start]homologous[blank_end] pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent) and therefore have two of each type of gene- Ahomologous
3Proteins produced from a gene are always identical
- ATrue
- BFalse
4An [blank_start]allele[blank_end] is an alternative form of a gene that is found at the same location on the same type of chromosome
- Aallele
5An individual can only carry two alleles for each gene - one for each homologous chromosome
- ATrue
- BFalse
6If an individual has two alleles for a gene that are the same, they are said to be [blank_start]homozygous[blank_end] for that gene.
If an individual has two alleles for a gene that are different, they are said to be [blank_start]heterozygous[blank_end] for that gene.- Ahomozygous
- Bheterozygous
7Sometimes one allele exerts full control over another allele in a heterozygous condition- this is the [blank_start]dominant[blank_end] allele (eg. F).
Other times two copies of an allele are needed for a trait to be exhibited in a homozygous condition- this is a [blank_start]recessive[blank_end] allele (Eg. f).- Adominant
- Brecessive
8The [blank_start]genotype[blank_end] names each allele that is present in an individual and is represented by a letter or groups of letters.
The [blank_start]phenotype[blank_end] indicates the way in which the gene is chemically or physically expressed (determined by the types of alleles and environmental conditions).- Agenotype
- Bphenotype
9Dominant traits are represented as lowercase letters
- ATrue
- BFalse
10An individual that has freckles (phenotype) would have the genotype Ff ([blank_start]heterozygous[blank_end]) or FF ([blank_start]homozygous[blank_end] [blank_start]dominant[blank_end]).
An individual without freckles would have the genotype ff (homozygous [blank_start]recessive[blank_end]).- Aheterozygous
- Bhomozygous
- Cdominant
- Drecessive
11Law of [blank_start]Segregation[blank_end]
States that during the production of gametes, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that the offspring acquire one factor from each parent.
A set of parents have two copies of each gene in their cells (one from their mother and one from their father)
When gametes are formed in the parent, one copy of each chromosome went into each gamete (they segregated).- ASegregation
12Law of [blank_start]Independent[blank_end] [blank_start]Assortment[blank_end]
States that when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production.
This gives different traits an equal opportunity to occur together.
The law only applies when genes are found on different chromosomes and there is no swapping of information between homologous chromatids.- AIndependent
- BAssortment
13[blank_start]Crossing[blank_end]-[blank_start]over[blank_end] occurs when there is an exchange of segments of DNA between homologous chromatids during prophase I.
Homologous chromosomes pair and lie side-by-side.
The alleles of one chromosome are beside alleles for the same trait on the other chromosome.
Adjacent segments of chromatids break off and rejoin with the partner chromatid.
This results in a recombination of genes in the gametes and contributes to variation in offspring.
The random nature of fertilisation also means that there are many possible genotypes of offspring for both set of parents (gene pool).- ACrossing
- Bover
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- Year 12 Biology (Genetics) Quiz on Genes and Variation, created by Hannah W on 21/05/2025.
- Author
- Hannah W
- Language
- English
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