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Anatomy lecture exam IV urinary

Description

practice exam focusing on urinary system and primarily physiology of the kidney
Rebecca Matthews
Quiz by Rebecca Matthews, updated more than 1 year ago
Rebecca Matthews
Created by Rebecca Matthews over 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The functions of the urinary system are: 1. [blank_start]volume regulation[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]acid/base balance[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]electrolyte balance[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]elimination of waste[blank_end] 5. [blank_start]Endocrine[blank_end]
Answer
  • volume regulation
  • acid/base balance
  • electrolyte balance
  • elimination of waste
  • Endocrine

Question 2

Question
[blank_start]Glomerular filtration[blank_end] is the movement of components of plasma out of the glomereal capillaries into the bowman's capsule.
Answer
  • Glomerular filtration

Question 3

Question
The functional urine forming unit in the kidney is the [blank_start]nephron[blank_end].
Answer
  • nephron

Question 4

Question
Trace plasma from an afferent arteriole until it is excreted from the body as urine. [blank_start]glomerulus[blank_end]--> [blank_start]bowmans capsule[blank_end] --> [blank_start]Proximal Convoluted Duct[blank_end] --> [blank_start]loop of henle[blank_end] --> [blank_start]Distal convoluted duct[blank_end] --> [blank_start]collecting tubule[blank_end] --> [blank_start]papillae[blank_end] --> [blank_start]minor calyces[blank_end] --> [blank_start]major calyces[blank_end] --> [blank_start]pelvis -[blank_end]-> [blank_start]ureter[blank_end] --> [blank_start]bladder[blank_end] --> [blank_start]urethra[blank_end]
Answer
  • glomerulus
  • bowmans capsule
  • Proximal Convoluted Duct
  • loop of henle
  • Distal convoluted duct
  • collecting tubule
  • papillae
  • minor calyces
  • major calyces
  • pelvis -
  • ureter
  • bladder
  • urethra

Question 5

Question
The rate at which you form glomelular filtrate is [blank_start]GFR[blank_end].
Answer
  • GFR

Question 6

Question
GFR in the average adult male is:
Answer
  • 120ml/min
  • 225ml/min
  • 90-95ml/min
  • 125ml/min

Question 7

Question
GFR in the average adult female is:
Answer
  • 90-95ml/min
  • 125ml/min
  • 80-85ml/min
  • 120ml/min

Question 8

Question
The absorption rate of water from glomelular filtrate is [blank_start]99%[blank_end].
Answer
  • 99%

Question 9

Question
How much of your cardiac output goes to the kidneys?
Answer
  • 30-35%
  • 20-25%
  • 10-15%
  • 5-10%

Question 10

Question
If a substance is tubularly reabsorbed, then the amount in the urine is [blank_start]less than[blank_end] the amount in the glomerular filtrate.
Answer
  • less than
  • greater than

Question 11

Question
label all the structures of the nephron
Image:
31097903-ff0b-40d6-ba5b-32505537efda (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • collecting tubule
  • goes to paillae
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • loop of henle
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • bowman's capsule
  • glomerulus

Question 12

Question
[blank_start]Tubular re-absorption[blank_end] is when you move something form the nephron tubules to the peritubular capillaries. Another way of saying out of the [blank_start]tubule[blank_end] and into the [blank_start]blood[blank_end].
Answer
  • Tubular re-absorption
  • tubule
  • blood

Question 13

Question
How is glucose sent across membranes?
Answer
  • re-absorption
  • active transport
  • osmosis
  • glomelular filtration

Question 14

Question
Clearing is the ability of the kidney to remove substances from your blood.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
What determines the amount of a substance in glomelular filtrate (ex: glucose)?
Answer
  • the filtration rate of the same substance
  • the concentration of the same substance found in plasma
  • permeability of same substance in PCT
  • ability of kidney to clear the same substance

Question 16

Question
The maximum rate at which a substance can be re-absorbed from the nephron tubules is referred to as the [blank_start]transport maximum[blank_end] for that substance.
Answer
  • transport maximum

Question 17

Question
This is a process where a carrier molecule uses ATP to move a molecule across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient. It has a high level of specificity.
Answer
  • facilitated diffusion
  • exocytosis
  • active transport
  • diffusion

Question 18

Question
If glucose is found in your urine is it called [blank_start]glucosuria[blank_end] or [blank_start]glycosuria[blank_end].
Answer
  • glucosuria
  • glycosuria

Question 19

Question
The [blank_start]renal plasma threshold[blank_end] is the plasma level at which something starts to appear in your urine.
Answer
  • renal plasma threshold

Question 20

Question
If a patient has glucosuria what do you already know about his plasma glucose level?
Answer
  • his plasma has exceeded the renal plasma threshold level of 180mg/100ml of blood.
  • the patient is diabetic and is not producing proper amounts of insulin.
  • there is no way to determine anything about his plasma glucose level at this point.
  • the patient is spilling glucose in his urine because his afferent arteriole is blocked and not allowing the glomerulus to filter to the bowman's capsule.

Question 21

Question
Amino acids should be present in your urine.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
[blank_start]Amino acids[blank_end] are actively transported in the tubules and are needed so that your body can make [blank_start]proteins[blank_end].
Answer
  • Amino acids
  • Potassium ions
  • Nucleic acids
  • proteins
  • electolytes
  • DNA and RNA

Question 23

Question
It is called [blank_start]aminoaciduria[blank_end] when amino acids are found in your urine. The most common type of this is [blank_start]cystine[blank_end].
Answer
  • aminoaciduria
  • cystine

Question 24

Question
When substances "fall out of solution" or become too concentrated they [blank_start]precipitate[blank_end].
Answer
  • precipitate

Question 25

Question
The major nitrogenous waste in humans is [blank_start]urea[blank_end].
Answer
  • urea

Question 26

Question
Urea is produced primarily in the [blank_start]deamination of amino acids[blank_end].
Answer
  • deamination of amino acids

Question 27

Question
The clinical estimate of urea in blood is called your [blank_start]blood urea nitrogen[blank_end] level or [blank_start]BUN[blank_end].
Answer
  • blood urea nitrogen
  • BUN

Question 28

Question
Why would your BUN level increase when you have a disease?
Answer
  • Because the kidneys are not functioning at full capacity and are unable to clear the nitrogen from your system properly
  • during a disease there is a significant number of cells that are damaged and dying. They are made up of proteins which is a nitrogenous waste and thus your BUN will rise.
  • during the disease process the inflammatory process produces greater amounts of nitrogen therefor increase blood nitrogen levels.
  • your BUN will not increase when you have a disease.

Question 29

Question
Urine is basically glomelular filtrate minus everything you decided to re-absorb or uptake.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
the hormone promoting Na+ retention by the kidney is [blank_start]aldosterone[blank_end].
Answer
  • aldosterone
  • ADH
  • adrenal norepinephrine

Question 31

Question
The hormone [blank_start]aldosterone[blank_end] comes from a gland on top of the kidneys called the [blank_start]adrenals[blank_end].
Answer
  • aldosterone
  • adrenals

Question 32

Question
Only about 20% of your nephrons are called [blank_start]jextamedullary[blank_end] nephrons.
Answer
  • juxtamedullary

Question 33

Question
The juxtamedullary nephrons have a __________ that projects way down into the tip of the pyramid and the remaining nephrons are called cortica nephrons because they primarily lie within the __________ .
Answer
  • collecting tubule/pyramid
  • loop of henle/papillae
  • loop of henle/cortex medulla
  • medulla/adrenal cortex

Question 34

Question
solute=[blank_start]dissolve e[blank_end] and solvent= [blank_start]dis-solver[blank_end]
Answer
  • dissolve e
  • dis-solver

Question 35

Question
This type of solution has a higher solute than the comparative solution.
Answer
  • hypotonic
  • osmotic
  • hypertonic
  • homogeneous

Question 36

Question
Cells placed in hypertonic solution would be expected to [blank_start]shrink[blank_end].
Answer
  • shrink
  • swell

Question 37

Question
Molecules going from an area of high solvent to low solvent through a semi-permeable membrane is called [blank_start]osmosis[blank_end].
Answer
  • osmosis

Question 38

Question
Freshwater fish live in a hypotonic environment. They generally have a problem with water [blank_start]gain[blank_end].
Answer
  • gain
  • loss

Question 39

Question
Medullary fluids of the kidney are [blank_start]hypertonic[blank_end] to most body fluids.
Answer
  • hypertonic
  • hypotonic

Question 40

Question
Solutes are concentrated in the medullary fluids of the kidney by the [blank_start]counter current multiplier[blank_end] mechanism.
Answer
  • counter current multiplier

Question 41

Question
Water goes from hypotonic solutions to hypertonic solutions because tonicity is determined by the solute.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
Sodium retention generally has the effect of [blank_start]raising[blank_end] blood potassium levels.
Answer
  • raising
  • lowering

Question 43

Question
Does facilitated diffusion utilize ATP?
Answer
  • yes
  • no

Question 44

Question
We control urine concentration by the counter current multiplier mechanism.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
What separates the cortex from the medulla?
Answer
  • base of pyramid
  • cortico medullary line
  • medullary cortex
  • loop of henle

Question 46

Question
The cortex of the kidney is what in relationship to the body?
Answer
  • hypotonic
  • ionic
  • isotonic
  • hypertonic

Question 47

Question
The [blank_start]ascending[blank_end] loop of henle has a [blank_start]thicker[blank_end] membrane that is [blank_start]impermeable[blank_end] to water and therefore osmosis [blank_start]can not[blank_end] occur. Salt is then removed from the tubular fluid by means of [blank_start]active transport[blank_end] and the fluid is now more [blank_start]dilute[blank_end].
Answer
  • ascending
  • descending
  • thicker
  • thinner
  • impermeable
  • permeable
  • can not
  • does
  • active transport
  • fascilitated diffusion
  • dilute
  • concentrated

Question 48

Question
When urine reaches the top of ascending loop of hele what level of concentration is it in proportion to your bodily fluids?
Answer
  • 1/3
  • 2/3
  • 1/2
  • 3/4

Question 49

Question
Highest level of dilute you can get urine is [blank_start]1/3[blank_end] that of bodily fluids and the highest level of concentration is [blank_start]4[blank_end] times that of normal bodily fluids.
Answer
  • 1/3
  • 4

Question 50

Question
What gives the medullary portion of the kidney it's hypertonicity?
Answer
  • the cortico medullary line because as the fluid passes through solutes are removed
  • the collecting tubule where solutes spill over into the medulla
  • none of these
  • the ascending portion of the loop of henle where salt is actively transported and the osmotic capibility of the descending loop of henle or more simply put it is because of the counter current multiplier mechanism.

Question 51

Question
The [blank_start]DCT[blank_end] and collecting tubule have [blank_start]water[blank_end] pores that allow for further control of urine concentration. If the pores are open the urine is more [blank_start]concentrated[blank_end] and if the pores are closed the urine will be [blank_start]diluted[blank_end].
Answer
  • DCT
  • PCT
  • water
  • salt
  • concentrated
  • dilute
  • diluted
  • concentrated

Question 52

Question
The hormone that controls your water pores in the DCT and collecting tubule is [blank_start]anti diuretic hormone[blank_end] also known as [blank_start]ADH[blank_end].
Answer
  • anti diuretic hormone
  • ADH

Question 53

Question
Vasopressin is another word for ADH and it is stored and released by your posterior pituitary.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 54

Question
ADH is [blank_start]against[blank_end] diuresis because it [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] urine volume and [blank_start]increases[blank_end] urine concentration.
Answer
  • against
  • for
  • decreases
  • increases
  • increases
  • decreases

Question 55

Question
ADH [blank_start]opens[blank_end] the water pores of the DCT and collecting tubules.
Answer
  • opens
  • closes

Question 56

Question
At night your production of ADH goes [blank_start]up[blank_end].
Answer
  • up
  • down

Question 57

Question
[blank_start]Glomerular filtrate[blank_end] is made up of everything that is in plasma except for the [blank_start]plasma proteins[blank_end].
Answer
  • Glomerular filtrate
  • plasma proteins
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