Quiz
Principles II
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Questions in this quiz (50)
1Absorption involves the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood. Which statement about absorption is false?
- AThe rate of absorption determines how soon effects will begin
- BThe amount of absorption determines how intense effects will be
- CDrugs in formulations that allow rapid dissolution have a faster onset
- DThe surface area available for absorption determines the rate of absorption.
- ERapid absorption occurs at sites where blood flow is high
- FHighly lipid-soluble drugs are absorbed more rapidly
- GAbsorption is enhanced when difference between pH of plasma and pH at the site is such that drug molecules will have a greater tendency to be ionized in plasma
- HAll of the above statements are true
2Which parenteral delivery method has instantaneous delivery?
- AIV
- BIM
- CSQ
3What is the only barrier of absorption for intramuscularly-delivered drugs?
- AThe capillary wall
- BAdipose tissue
4The absorption of intramuscularly-delivered drugs occurs at a constant rate and does not vary.
- ATrue
- BFalse
5The less water-soluble a drug is, the faster that drug is absorbed when delivered intramuscularly.
- ATrue
- BFalse
6Intramuscular drugs can be used to deliver ____________, from which a drug is absorbed slowly over time. Examples of this delivery include Penicillin G, antipsychotics, and progesterone-only birth control).
- Adepot preparations
- Binsult formulations
- Ccrib-soluble interferons
7SQ administration is nearly identical to IM administration, with the exception of slower absorption due to reduced blood flow.
- ATrue
- BFalse
8What are the barriers to absorption involving oral administration?
- Acapillary walls
- BGI epithelial cells
- Cadipose tissue
9After absorption, orally administered drugs pass through the liver before reaching general circulation. This first pass effect can be circumvented by...
- Ausing high-dose therapy.
- Bdelivering the dose in liquid form.
10[blank_start]Chemical equivalence[blank_end] refers to two preparations that contain the same amount of the identical compound. [blank_start]Bioequivalence[blank_end] refers to two preparations in which the drug is absorbed at the same rate and the same extent.
- AChemical equivalence
- BBioequivalence
11Distribution involves the movement of drugs throughout the body. It is determined by blood flow to tissues, the ability of the drug to exit the vascular system, and the ability of the drug to enter cells.
- ATrue
- BFalse
12The blood brain barrier and placental barrier have tight junctions between capillary cells, so drugs must move through the cells of the capillary walls. Which type of drugs will readily cross these barriers?
- Alipid-soluble drugs
- Bhighly polar drugs
13Which statement is false?
- AProtein binding serves as a reservoir, as only the unbound drug is distributed to tissues.
- BProtein binding restricts drug distribution.
- CProtein binding prolongs half-life.
- DProtein binding occurs only with parenterally-delivered drugs.
14Metabolism, also known as biotransformation, involves the enzymatic alteration of drug structure. What is the most important consequence of metabolism?
- AThe promotion of renal drug excretion.
- BThe uptake of secondary metabolites.
15In order to be filtered and excreted, the renal tubule requires compounds to be...
- Alow molecular weight (<5000)
- Bhigh molecular weight (>10,000)
- Cpolar
- Dnon-polar (lipophilic)
16In general, polar drugs are transformed into more lipophilic products in the liver, or otherwise they will be reabsorbed.
- ATrue
- BFalse
17Rapid inactivation of certain drugs during first-pass metabolism can result in no therapeutic effects. What is an example of a drug that will be deactivated by the first-pass effect?
- Anitroglycerin absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract
- Bnitroglycerin absorbed sublingually
18What are therapeutic consequences of drug metabolism?
- Aaccelerated renal drug excretion
- Bdrug inactivation
- Cactivation of prodrugs
- Dincreased or decreased toxicity
19Most drug metabolism in the liver is [blank_start]Phase I[blank_end] and is performed by the hepatic [blank_start]microsomal[blank_end] enzyme system, also known as the cytochrome P450 system (CYP). These enzymes are more active on [blank_start]lipid soluble[blank_end] drugs. [blank_start]Phase II[blank_end] reactions involve conjugation with an [blank_start]endogenous[blank_end] substance, and the enzymes are involved in this phase are transferases.
- APhase I
- BPhase II
- Clipid soluble
- Dendogenous
- Emicrosomal
20Phase I reactions involve _______________ with a more polar group, usually an alcohol. These metabolic groups are usually less active.
- Afunctionalization
- Bconjugation
21___________ are genetically regulated, resulting in a genetic differences in metabolism. This is an integral part of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.
- ACYP enzymes
- BPrion enzymes
22Phase II reactions put a polar group on a compound, making it more excretable.
- ATrue
- BFalse
23[blank_start]Inducers[blank_end] increase the metabolism of drugs, reducing the drug concentration and half-life of the drug. [blank_start]Inhibitors[blank_end] decrease the metabolism of drugs, have the opposite effect.
- AInducers
- BInhibitors
24Because inhibitors affect ______________ levels, they reduce drug metabolism. Toxic effects may become pronounced.
- Aliver enzyme
- Bdrug absorption
- Ckidney excretion
25What is true about Phase I metabolites?
- AThey are usually less active.
- BWhen a product is more active, it is called a prodrug.
- CThey may be toxic.
- DThey are usually more active.
26Which factor does not modify renal drug excretion?
- ApH-dependent ionization
- Bcompetition for active tubular transport
- Cage
- Dliver function
27Drugs that are metabolized efficiently by the liver may be removed from circulation before distribution to the body. These are also called high-extraction drugs.
- ATrue
- BFalse
28The steps in renal drug excretion, in order, ar as follows:
1. [blank_start]Glomerular filtration[blank_end] - Most drugs cross freely, but drugs bound to albumin are not filtered.
2. [blank_start]Passive tubular reabsorption[blank_end] - Because [D] in blood is lower than [D] in the tubule, lipid soluble drugs move along this gradient back into blood via passive absorption. [blank_start]Ions[blank_end] and polar drugs are excreted into the urine.
3. [blank_start]Active tubular secretion[blank_end] - Active transport systems in tubules that pump drugs from the blood to the tubular urine. Acids and proteins are pumped, and [blank_start]P-glycoprotein[blank_end] also pumps drugs into the urine.- AGlomerular filtration
- BPassive tubular reabsorption
- CActive tubular secretion
- DP-glycoprotein
- EIons
29The time course of a drug's action bears a direct relationship to the _____________.
- Aconcentration of drug in the blood
- Brate of drug distribution to body tissues
- Crate of blood flow
30A drug's response is related to concentration at the drug's ___________.
- Asite of action
- Bplasma compartment
- Cdelivery site
31The therapeutic range of a drug lies between the toxic concentration and the minimum effective concentration.
- ATrue
- BFalse
32Which statement is false concerning bioavailability?
- ABioavailability refers to the proportion of the administered dose present in plasma.
- BAn IV dose is assumed to have a bioavailability of 100%
- CAn oral dose is assumed to have a bioavailability of 100%.
- DDrugs that cross the blood brain barrier generally have very high bioavailability.
33Half-life depends on....
- Adrug clearance
- Bvolume of distribution
- Csteady state
34What is false about a steady-state?
- AIt is attained after 4 half lives
- BTime to steady state is independent of dose
- CDose affects plasma concentration steady state
- DA loading dose does not decrease the time to a steady state
35Pharmacodynamics are based on ___________, which states that a drug must first be bound to a receptive substance in order to produce an effect.
- Areceptor theory
- Bmembrane theory
- Cplasma theory
36Physiologic receptors may be intracellular or extracellular.
Extracellular receptors will be on the [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] surface of a cell. They may form an ion channel or may be coupled to second messengers, such as [blank_start]g-proteins[blank_end] (e.g., muscarinic cholinergic receptors, opioid receptors).
Intracellular receptors may be located in the [blank_start]cytoplasm[blank_end] or nucleus, and will bind to DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene transcription (e.g., [blank_start]steroids[blank_end]).- Asteroids
- Bmembrane
- Cg-proteins
- Dcytoplasm
37Targets for drug action include...
1. [blank_start]Physiological receptors[blank_end], the normal function of which is to bind endogenous ligands (e.g., hormone, neurotransmitter).
2. [blank_start]Cellular enzymes in pathway[blank_end] (e.g., NSAIDs binding cyclooxygenase).
3. [blank_start]Membrane transporter[blank_end] (e.g., SSRIs bind 5HT transporter, cocaine binds DA).- APhysiological receptors
- BCellular enzymes in pathway
- CMembrane transporter
38Drugs can be classified by...
- Aclinical use or pharmacologic criteria
- Bpharmacologic criteria only
39Drug-receptor interaction is the basis for receptor selectivity. Affinity and efficacy follow from the ________________.
- Achemical structure of a drug
- Bplasma concentration of a drug
- Cbinding concentration of a drug
40The binding of a drug to receptor is usually reversible, but may be irreversible if ______________.
- Aelectrons are shared (i.e., covalent bond)
- Belectrons are donated (i.e., an acid-base reaction)
- Ca polar bond is formed (i.e., two polar groups)
41The law of mass action states that the magnitude of response to a drug is considered to be a function of the ___________ at a given moment in time, and is written as (D+R <-> DR -> Response)
- Aconcentration of drug-receptors complexes
- Bconcentration of drug in the plasma
- Cconcentration of drug distribution
42[blank_start]Agonists[blank_end] have affinity and efficacy.
[blank_start]Antagonist[blank_end] have affinity but not efficacy.
[blank_start]Partial agonists[blank_end] have affinity but less efficacy.- AAgonists
- BAntagonist
- CPartial agonists
43[blank_start]Affinity[blank_end] refers to the tendency for a drug to bind to a receptors. [blank_start]Efficacy[blank_end] refers to the tendency for a drug, once bound, to activate the receptors. [blank_start]ED50 (or EC50)[blank_end] refers to the dose that produces 50% of a maximal response. [blank_start]Potency[blank_end] refers to the ability of a drug to give a stronger response at a lower concentration, and depends on both affinity and efficacy.
- AAffinity
- BEfficacy
- CPotency
- DED50 (or EC50)
44A higher EC50 means that a drug will have greater affinity.
- ATrue
- BFalse
45A more potent drug produces the same response at a lower concentration, but the potency of a drug implies nothing about its maximal efficacy.
- ATrue
- BFalse
46Infants are more sensitive to equivalent doses because of alterations in all of the following parameters EXCEPT...
- Aabsorption
- Bprotein binding time
- Cblood brain barrier
- Dmetabolizing capacity
- Erenal blood flow and glomerular filtration
- Fdistribution
47Children generally metabolize drugs slower than adults.
- ATrue
- BFalse
48Geriatric patients often have reduced absorption, decreased distribution, and reduced metabolism, and a decline in elimination.
- ATrue
- BFalse
49[blank_start]Calcium ions[blank_end] reduce the absorption of tetracyclines.
[blank_start]Acidity from fruit juices[blank_end] can decompose penicillins, erythromycin.
[blank_start]MAO inhibitors[blank_end] inhibit tyramine metabolism (e.g., cheeses, wine)
[blank_start]Grapefruit juice[blank_end] inhibits CYP3A metabolism, affecting OCs, H1 antagonists, acetaminophen, and lovastatin.
[blank_start]High protein[blank_end] meals can inhibit the entry of L-dopa into the brain by competing for amino acid transporters.- ACalcium ions
- BAcidity from fruit juices
- CMAO inhibitors
- DGrapefruit juice
- EHigh protein
50Inducers [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] the half lives of many drugs.
Inhibitors [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the half lives of many drugs.
The competition for renal active secretion transporters will reduce excretion.
Change in urine pH will affect urinary excretion.- Adecrease
- Bincrease
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- 1 Pharmacology Quiz on Principles II, created by Huw Greathead on 02/02/2016.
- Author
- Huw Greathead
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- English
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