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Biology Exam #1 (2016)
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Questions in this quiz (40)
1Which one of the following most directly illustrates an example of a characteristic of an individual that is acted upon by evolutionary forces?
- Aamputee
- Bweight loss and bodybuilding
- Crescue of abandoned dog
- Dpygmy
- Etopiary (plant pruning)
2In a hypothetical population, dark-colored rabbits and gray-colored rabbits can hide well in an environment having a mixture of rock colors. White-colored rabbits stand out and are noticed by hawks, which each them. After a while, most of the rabbits are gray or black. What type of selection is this?
- Aartificial selection
- Bstabilizing selection
- Cdirectional selection
- Ddiversifying selection
3Why do we know a great deal about the evolution of Darwin's Galapagos Islands finches?
- Athey are economically more important as pollinators of flowers
- Bthey are aesthetically pleasing
- Cthey have been intensively studied by scientists for many years
4There are several different types of decay of radioisotopes: alpha and beta particles, gamma rays, etc. There are many different radioisotopes...more than 1,000. Depending on which parent-daughter combination is used, and what the half-life of the radioisotope is, and what the type of radioisotype decay is, radiometric dating of a particular fossil or rock would be expected to give _______________.
- Agreatly different ages
- Bapproximately the same age, within experimental error
- Ceither greatly different ages or approximately the same age
5Evolution of body size of today's modern horse is an example of ________________.
- Astabilizing selection
- Bdirectional selection
- Cdisruptive selection
6Which one of the following is a true statement?
- AEvolution must occur, in every population, of all species, at all times
- BEvolution requires competition; if there is no competition among the individuals of a population, evolution cannot occur
- CEvolution requires environmental change; during times of constant environmental conditions, evolution cannot occur
- DEvolution requires at least some variation in the genetic material of a population; without inheritable genetic variation, there can be no evolution
7Which of the following is an example of Darwinian competition?
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
8This illustration of selection for antibiotic resistance shows a population of bacteria going from only 2 individuals that are resistant, to a population in which almost all members are resistant to the antibiotic. This is an example of ______________.
- Adirectional selection
- Bstabilizing selection
- Cdiversifying selection
- Ddisruptive selection
9How is it possible for 2 parents who have the same hair texture, eye color, and skin color to have children that differ from them in these 3 characters?
- Ait isn't possible
- BMendel's principle of inheritance can explain this in a straightforward way
- Cgenotypes can blend; phenotypes almost never blend
10Which of the following is the correct description of Darwinian evolution?
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
11Robins typically lay clutches of 4 eggs, an example of _____________. Larger clutches may result in malnourished chicks, while small clutches may result in no viable offspring. What term is missing here?
- Aartificial selection
- Bstabilizing selection
- Cdirectional selection
- Ddiversifying selection
12Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time?
- Athe population size is extremely large...trillions of individuals
- Ball reproduction is non-sexual reproduction
- Cthe environment is changing at a rapid rate
- Dall variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors
13Which is the most appropriate metaphor for how natural selection acts on a population's heritable variation?
- Acollecting
- Bdestroying
- Cmagnifying
- Dediting
14The graph shows 4 possible patterns for the abundance of 3TC-resistant HIV within an infected human over time. If 3TC resistance is costly for HIV, then which plot best repreents the predicted response of a strain of 3TC-resistant HIV over time if 3TC administration is given at any time indicated by the arrow?
- AI
- BII
- CIII
- DIV
15What was the importance of Darwin's Galapagos Islands finches to Charles Darwin during his lifetime? The same could be said for the tortoises and mockingbirds.
- Athey supported the hypothesis that extinction occurs, and that extinction occurs in several different groups of animals...not just in mammals
- Bthey convinced him and others that extinct and extant species in the same geographical region are similar, suggesting that one gave rise to the other
- Ctheir vestigial structures and atavisms caused him to delay publication of his ideas for several ideas
- Dthey supported the hypothesis that speciation could occur
16An evolutionary hypothesis is summarized in the panel. This is what the fossils tell us. What if new discoveries of fossils reveal what is shown in the bottom panel? Darwin wrote that such a discovery would utterly demolish his hypothesis because the faked evolutionary history shown in the bottom panel ______________.
- Acontains 2 homologous species
- Bhas a derived form before its ancestor
- Clacks exaptations
- Dimplies that blending inheritance can occur
17Which of the following is commonly and most appropriately used as a metaphor for natural selection?
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
18Among the choices given here, which one is the best definition of evolution?
- Adescent with modification
- Bincrease in population size
- Cincrease in the ratio of available food to the number of individuals in a population
- Dincrease in the complexity of social interactions of a population
19All the pocket mice shown below are the one same species and each of the 4 contains one mouse. The mouse species has different color forms, as shown here. The habitat of these mice is composed of areas that are dark lava rock, and areas that are light-colored sand. All 4 possible combinations of mouse forms and habitat types are shown here. The mice are prey for predatory birds that use sight to find the mice. What type of selection is illustrated here?
- Aartificial selection
- Bdirectional selection
- Cstabilizing selection
- Ddisruptive selection
20Which one is the best measure of your Darwinian fitness?
- Athe number of fertile children you produce
- Bthe health of your children
- Cyour own health and longevity
- Dthe longevity of your children, whether or not they are healthy
21As the illustration suggests, DNA sequence data support the hypothesis that cetaceans are most closely related to which extant organisms?
- ADorudon
- BRodhocetus
- Cdeer
- Dhippopotamuses
22______________ such as these suggested to Darwin that the different species were related by descent from a common ancestor
- Aacquired characteristics
- Bhomologous structures
- Cgeographically distributed structures
- Dhindlimbs
23We mammals evolved from reptilian ancestors that laid eggs. Almost no mammals today lay eggs. Mammals today have 3 genes that, in reptiles and birds, produce a nutritious protein that fills the yolk sac of eggs of reptiles and birds. In almost all mammals today these 3 genes are totally inactivated by mutations...they are "dead" genes. Mammals still produce a yolk sac, but it is a yolkless balloon attached to the fetal gut. In the 2nd month of pregnancy, it detaches from the embryo. These 3 genes and the yolk sac, in humans, are _________________.
- Aatavisms
- Banalogies
- Cexaptations
- Dvestigial
24What is natural selection?
- Athe process that results in differential reproductive success
- Bthe primary result of Darwinian evolution
- Ca characteristic of an organism that increases its fitness
- Dthe ability to survive and reproduce
25What is true of natural selection?
- Ait is a random process
- Bnatural selection creates beneficial mutations
- Cthe only way to eliminate harmful mutations is through natural selection
- Dmutations occur at random with regard to whether or not they increase fitness
26Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas Malthus?
- Atechnological innovation in agricultural practices will permit exponential growth of the human population into the forseeable future
- Bpopulations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows
- CEarth changed over the years through a series of catastrophic upheavals
- Dthe environment is responsible for natural selection
27One of the most famous and productive voyages of all time was the circumnavigation of our planet by Charles Darwin on the Beagle. This trip was a/an ____________ circumnavigation of the Earth.
- Anorthward
- Bsouthward
- Ceastward
- Dwestward
28Which of the following is an example of microevolution?
- AA
- BB
- CC
29Please refer to the illustration, which shows _____________, using cilia of single-celled Paramecium and of humans as examples
- Aconvergent evolution
- Banalogies
- Can endemic structure
- Dthe unity of life
30Mammals have hair, nurse their young, and most of them have live births. Whales are descended from terrestrial mammals. Whales have hair around their blowholes. This whale hair is a/an
- Aatavism
- Bvestigial trait
- Cclinal trat
- Dexapted trait
31Complex eyes have evolved many times. The functionality of "graded stages" from simple to complex eyes is illustrated here in __________.
- Ainsects
- Barthopods
- Cmolluscs
- DAnnelida
32The classical, straightforward Darwinian theory of evolution by means of natural selection postulates that 4 conditions must be present for evolution to occur. Which one of the following is one of these 4 postulates?
- Acompetition
- Bextinction
- Cenvironmental change
- Dinheritance
33This graph shows the relationship between the number of alleles for dark skin, and the relative skin color that is produced in humans. A graph such as this helps us understand that the mechanisms by which inheritance works in sexually reproducing organisms
- Acause an increase in variation that can result in evolution
- Bare based on particulate inheritance
- Ccan result in blending of genotypes, but never blending of phenotypes
- Dtwo are correct
34These data for a Galapagos finch species were described in lecture. Before it can be concluded that evolution ocurred, it must first be shown that _______________.
- Anone of the 1976 finches had beaks as large as the beaks of 1978 finches
- Ball 1978 finches had larger beaks than any 1976 finch
- Cbeak depth is sexually dimorphic
- Dbeak depth is heritable
- Efinches with large beaks continued to thrive beyond 1978
35To establish that evolution by means of natural selection is operating in a population, one must demonstrate heritability of that trait, differential reproductive success based on that trait, and _____________.
- Acompetition
- Benvironmental change
- Crandom mating
- Dvariability for the trait
36Even in Darwin's time it was clear that all living organisms share many characteristics: there is great unity of life. Darwin attributed this unity to ________.
- Aobservation that all species of life have common needs
- Bcompetition and ever-changing environments
- Cthe fact that the planet, and life, are far more than 6,000 years old
- Ddescent from an ancestor that lived in the remote past
37"Survival of the fittest" is a misleading metaphor used to describe the process of evolution by natural selection because ____________.
- Ait is not possible to determine the fittest individuals in nature
- Bthe phrase does not adequately describe the pivotal role of reproductive success
- Cnatural variation in a population is generally too great to be influenced by differential survival
- Dfitness has little to do with natural selection
38What was the relevance of changes in land forms to Darwin?
- Athe planet is not static; changes occur over time
- Bstrata are initially formed horizontally
- Cyounger fossils lie over older fossils
39Trunks of African and Asian elephants are _________.
- Avestigial structures
- Bnon-adaptive
- Chomologous structures
- Danalogous structures
40What is the relationship between evolution and natural selection?
- Athey are the same thing
- Bnatural selection is one of several possible causes of evolution
- Cevolution is the main, but not the only cause of natural selection
- Dnatural selection is a random process; evolution is a non-random process
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- Bachelors Biology (Exam #1) Quiz on Biology Exam #1 (2016), created by Haley Kim on 25/04/2016.
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- Haley Kim
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