Sociology Test 2 Study Guide

Question 1

Question

From the functionalist perspective, the media can be dysfunctional in what way?

Answer

They enforce social norms.
They confer status.
They desensitize us to events.
They are agents of socialization

Question 2

Question

Sociologist Robert Park studied how newspapers helped immigrants to the United States adjust to their environment by changing their customary habits and by teaching them the opinions held by people in their new home country. His study was conducted from which sociological perspective?

Answer

the functionalist perspective
the conflict perspective
the interactionist perspective
the dramaturgical perspective

Question 3

Question

There are problems inherent in the socialization function of the mass media. For example, many people worry about:

Answer

the effect of using the TV as a babysitter
the impact of violent programming on viewer behavior
the unequal ability of all individuals to purchase TV's
both A and B

Question 4

Question

Media advertising has several clear functions, but it also has dysfunctions. Sociologists are concerned that:

Answer

it creates unrealistic expectations of what is required to be happy
it creates new consumer needs
advertisers are able to influence media content
all of the above

Question 5

Question

Gatekeeping, the process by which a relatively small number of people control what material reaches an audience, is largely dominant in all but which of the following media?

Answer

television
the Internet
publishing
media

Question 6

Question

Which sociological perspective is especially concerned with the media's ability to decide what gets transmitted through gatekeeping?

Answer

functionalist
conflict
interactionist
dramaturgical

Question 7

Question

Which of the following is not a problem feminist theorists see with media coverage?

Answer

Women are underrepresented, suggesting that men are the cultural standard and women are insignificant
Men and women are portrayed in ways that reflect and perpetuate stereotypical views of gender
Depictions of male-female relationships emphasize traditional sex roles and normalize violence against women
The increasing frequency of single moms in the media is providing a negative role model for women

Question 8

Question

Which of the following is not true concerning how men and women use the Internet?

Answer

Men are more likely to use the Internet daily.
Women are more likely to use email to maintain friendships
Men account for 100 percent of players in online sports fantasy leagues
Men are slightly more likely to have ever used the Internet than women are.

Question 9

Question

Sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld and his colleagues pioneered the study of

Answer

the audience
opinion leaders
the media's global reach
media violence

Question 10

Question

In his study of how the social composition of audience members affected how they interpreted the news coverage of riots in Los Angeles in 1992, sociologist Darnell Hunt found what kind of differences in perception?

Answer

racial
gender
class
religious

Question 11

Question

Society brings about acceptance of basic norms through techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior. This process is termed:

Answer

stigmatization
labeling
law
social control

Question 12

Question

Which sociological perspective argues that people must respect social norms if any group or society is to survive?

Answer

conflict
interactionist
functionalist
feminist

Question 13

Question

Stanley Milgram used the word conformity to mean

Answer

going along with peers
compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure
techniques and strategies for preventing deviant behavior in any society
penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm

Question 14

Question

Which sociological theory suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to conform systematically to society's norms?

Answer

feminist theory
control theory
interactionist theory
functionalist theory

Question 15

Question

Which of the following statements is true of deviance?

Answer

Deviance is always criminal behavior
Deviance is behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society
Deviance is perverse behavior
Deviance is inappropriate behavior that cuts across all cultures and social orders

Question 16

Question

Which sociologist illustrated the boundary-maintenance function of deviance in his study of Puritans in 17th century New England?

Answer

Kai Erikson
Emile Durkheim
Robert Merton
Edwin Sutherland

Question 17

Question

Which of the following is not one of the basic forms of adaptation specified in Robert Merton's anomie theory of deviance?

Answer

conformity
innovation
ritualism
hostility

Question 18

Question

Which sociologist first advanced the idea that an individual undergoes the same basic socialization process whether learning conforming or deviant acts?

Answer

Robert Merton
Edwin Sutherland
Travis Hirschi
William Chambliss

Question 19

Question

Which of the following theories contends that criminal victimization increases when communal relationships and social institutions break down?

Answer

labeling theory
conflict theory
social disorganization theory
differential association theory

Question 20

Question

Which of the following conducted observation research on two groups of high school males (the Saints and the Roughnecks) and concluded that social class played an important role in the varying fortunes of the two groups?

Answer

Richard Quinney
Edwin Sutherland
Emile Durkheim
William Chambliss

Question 21

Question

Which of the following describes a condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power?

Answer

stratification
status inconsistency
slavery
social inequality

Question 22

Question

In Karl Marx's view, the destruction of the capitalist system will occur only if the working class first develops

Answer

bourgeois consciousness
false consciousness
class consciousness
caste consciousness

Question 23

Question

Which of the following were viewed by Max Weber as analytically distinct components of stratification?

Answer

conformity, deviance, and social control
class, status, and power
class, caste, and age
class, prestige, and esteem

Question 24

Question

Which sociological perspective argues that stratification is universal and that social inequality is necessary so that people will be motivated to fill socially important positions?

Answer

the functionalist perspective
the conflict perspective
the interactionist perspective
the labeling perspective

Question 25

Question

British sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf views social classes as groups of people who share common interests resulting from their authority relationships. Dahrendorf's ideology aligns best with which theoretical perspective?

Answer

the functionalist perspective
the conflict perspective
the interactionist perspective
sociocultural evolution

Question 26

Question

The respect or admiration that an occupation holds in a society is referred to as

Answer

status
esteem
prestige
ranking

Question 27

Question

Approximately how many out of every nine people in the United States lives below the poverty line established by the federal government?

Answer

one
two
three
four

Question 28

Question

Which sociologist has applied functionalist analysis to the existence of poverty and argues that various segments of society actually benefit from the existence of the poor?

Answer

Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Herbert Gans

Question 29

Question

The poor, minorities, and those who live in rural communities and inner cities are not as likely to have access to the Internet as other members of the United States. This situation is called

Answer

the digital divide
electronic redlining
the cybervoid
none of the above

Question 30

Question

A plumber whose father was a physician is an example of

Answer

downward intergenerational mobility
upward intergenerational mobility
downward intragenerational mobility
upward intragenerational mobility

Question 31

Question

The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a foreign power for an extended period is referred to as

Answer

neocolonialism
government-imposed stratification
colonialism
dependency

Question 32

Question

In viewing the global economic system as divided between nations that control wealth and those that are controlled and exploited, sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein draws on the

Answer

functionalist perspective
conflict perspective
interactionist perspective
dramaturgical approach

Question 33

Question

Which of the following nations would Immanuel Wallerstein classify as a core country within the world economic system?

Answer

Germany
South Korea
Ireland
Mexico

Question 34

Question

Which sociologist perspective argues that multinational corporations can actually help the developing nations of the world?

Answer

the interactionist perspective
the feminist perspective
the functionalist perspective
the conflict perspective

Question 35

Question

Which of the following terms is used by contemporary social scientists to describe the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies?

Answer

dependency
globalization
industrialization
modernization

Question 36

Question

In at least 22 nations around the world, the most affluent 10 percent receives at least what percentage of all income?

Answer

20 percent
30 percent
40 percent
50 percent

Question 37

Question

Karuna Chanana Ahmed, an anthropologist from India who has studied developing nations, calls which group the most exploited of oppressed people?

Answer

children
women
the elderly
the poor

Question 38

Question

Which of the following terms is used to refer to Mexico's large, impoverished majority, most of whom have brown skin and a mixed racial lineage due to intermarriage?

Answer

criollo
indio
mestizo
zapatista

Question 39

Question

In Mexico, women now constitute what percentage of the labor force?

Answer

15 percent
23 percent
35 percent
45 percent

Question 40

Question

Which of the following terms refers to the foreign-owned factories established just across the border in Mexico, where the companies that own them don't have to pay taxes or provide insurance or benefits for their workers?

Answer

maquiladoras
hombres
mujeres
toreadors

Question 41

Question

Sociologists have identified five basic properties of a minority group, Which of the following is not one of those properties?

Answer

unequal treatment
physical traits
ascribed status
cultural bias

Question 42

Question

The largest racial minority group in the United States is

Answer

Asian Americans
African Americans
Native Americans
Jewish Americans

Question 43

Question

Racism is a form of which of the following?

Answer

ethnocentrism
discrimination
prejudice
both b and c

Question 44

Question

Suppose that a White employer refuses to hire a qualified Vietnamese American but hires an inferior White applicant. This decision is an act of

Answer

prejudice
ethnocentrism
discrimination
stigmatization

Question 45

Question

Suppose that a workplace requires that only English be spoken, even when it is not a business necessity to restrict the use of other languages. This requirement would be an example of

Answer

prejudice
scapegoating
a self-fulfilling prophecy
institutional discrimination

Question 46

Question

Working together as computer programmers for an electronics firm, a Hispanic woman and a Jewish man overcome their initial prejudices and come to appreciate each other's strengths and talents. This scenario is an example of

Answer

the contact hypothesis
a self-fulfilling prophecy
amalgamation
reverse discrimination

Question 47

Question

Intermarriage over several generations, resulting in various groups combining to form a new group, would be an example of

Answer

amalgamation
assimilation
segregation
pluralism

Question 48

Question

Alphonso D'Abruzzo changed his name to Alan Alda. His action is an example of

Answer

amalgamation
assimilation
segregation
pluralism

Question 49

Question

In which of the following racial or ethnic groups has one teenager in every six attempted suicide?

Answer

African Americans
Asian Americans
Native Americans
Latinos

Question 50

Question

Advocates of Marxist class theory argue that the basis for racial subordination in the United States lies within the capitalist economic system. Another representation of this point of view is reflected in which of the following theories?

Answer

exploitation
functionalist
interactionist
contact

	Created by Hunter Summey over 9 years ago

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Sociology Test 2 Study Guide

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Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

Question 21

Question 22

Question 23

Question 24

Question 25

Question 26

Question 27

Question 28

Question 29

Question 30

Question 31

Question 32

Question 33

Question 34

Question 35

Question 36

Question 37

Question 38

Question 39

Question 40

Question 41

Question 42

Question 43

Question 44

Question 45

Question 46

Question 47

Question 48

Question 49

Question 50

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