Quiz
Exam 4
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Questions in this quiz (56)
1Which of the following is NOT considered part of the body's nonspecific lines of defense against disease?
- Amucous membranes
- Bphagocytic cells
- Cblood borne chemicals
- Dintact skin
- Eantibodies
2Which of the following are phagocytic cells found in the epidermis?
- Amicroglia
- Bdendritic cells
- Cwandering macrophages
- Dnatural killer lymphocytes
- Eneutrophils
3Which of the following cells increase in number during the helminth infection?
- Aeosinophils
- Bmacrophages
- Cneutrophils
- Dbasophils
- Elymphocytes
4Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of...
- Athe presence of phagocytes in the tissues
- Bthe absence of receptors required for microbial attachment
- Clack of suitable environment in the body
- Dthe salty, acidic condition of normal skin
- Eboth the absence of necessary receptors and the lack of suitable environment in the body
5Which of the following statements regarding the surface of the skin is FALSE?
- Ait is salty
- Bit is acidic
- Cit has sebum as a coating
- Dit has normal microbiota
- Eit has goblet cells
6MAC's are...
- Athe initial trigger for the lectin complement system
- Bthe end result of both the classical and alternative complement systems
- Cthe initial trigger for the alternative complement system
- Dthe initial trigger for the classical complement system
- Ethe end result of only the alternative complement system
7Mucous membranes are quite thin and fragile. How can such a delicate tissue provide defense against microbial invaders?
- Athe mucus contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals and molecules
- Bboth the mucus and the outer layer of cells are shed frequently
- Cthe mucus physically traps microbes, contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals, and is shed constantly, along with the outermost layer of cells.
- Dthe mucus is a physical trap that contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals
- Ethe mucus secreted by the mucous membrane physically traps microbes
8Microbial antagonism refers to...
- Athe presence of pathogens on the surface of the skin, which will invade the body through abrasions
- Bthe ability of microbiota to mutate into pathogens
- Cthe presence of normal microbiota that can become pathogens under certain conditions
- Dthe presence of resident bacteria on the surface of the body and in cavities that connect to the surface
- Ethe presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways the prevent pathogens from invading the body
9The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to...
- Atriggering inflammation
- Btriggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to the site of inflammation
- Cattraction of phagocytes to sites of infection
- Dtriggering the release of interferons
- Etriggering inflammation and release of interferons
10Which of the following statements concerning the alternative complement system is true?
- Ait works best on gram-positive bacteria
- Bits activation is independent of antibodies
- Cit plays a significant role in the elimination of parasitic helminths
- Dit is not useful in the early stages of fungal infection
- Eit is more efficient than the classical pathway
11Which of the following is the key difference in the roles of the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system?
- Athe formation of MAC's
- Bproduction of chemotactic factors
- Ctriggering inflammation
- Dthe range of microbes that can be targeted
- Ethe effectiveness in killing gram-negative bacteria
12Which of the following cells can use nonphagocytic means to kill bacteria?
- Amacrophages
- Beosinophils and neutrophils
- Cnatural killer cells
- Dneutrophils
- Eeosinophils
13Which of the following is MISMATCHED?
- Aalveolar macrophage - lungs
- Bmicroglial cells - spleen
- Cmacrophages - lymph nodes
- Dmicroglial cells- brain
- Edendritic cells - epidermis
14Which of the following leukocytes have granules in their cytoplasm that stain blue with methylene blue?
- Aneutrophils
- Beosinophils
- Cbasophils
- Dmonocytes
- Elymphocytes
15Which becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream?
- Aeosinophil
- Bneutrophil
- Clymphocyte
- Dmonocyte
- Ebasophil
16Which of the following is(are) activities of neutrophils?
- Aphagocytosis
- Bformation of neutrophil extracellular traps, phagocytosis, and production of nitric oxide
- Cformation of neutrophil extracellular traps and phagocytosis
- Denzyme production that leads to the formation of nitric oxide
- Eformation of neutrophil extracellular traps
17Alpha and beta interferons...
- Aproduce active antiviral proteins (AVPs) that coat the surface of healthy cells and prevent the attachment of pathogenic viruses
- Bhelp protect virus infected cells from the effects of pathogen
- Cproduce no adverse effects in the body
- Dprotect the cells that secrete them from being invaded by a virus
- Eare produced by infected fibroblasts and macrophages
18Which of the following substances stimulates the phagocytic activity of phagocytes?
- Aalpha interferons
- Bantiviral interferons
- Cgamma interferons
- Dleukotrienes
- Ebeta interferons
19Which complement proteins is the key to activating (missing the rest of the question)...
- AC1
- BC5
- CC3
- DC4
- EC2
20The residual body is...
- Athe union of a phagosome with lysosomes
- Ba dead phagocyte
- Cthe attachment of a phagosome to the surface of a pathogen
- Dthe remains of a phagosome after digestion
- Ea type of granule in a granulocyte
21Which of the following characteristics is shared by the skin and mucous membranes?
- Alysozymes are always present
- Bthe outer layers are composed of dead cells
- Cthey both have cilia
- Dsebum must be present
- Ethey are both constantly shedding and replacing cells
22Antigens are..
- Aproteins the body produces against invading substances
- Bspecific molecules, or parts of molecules, that the body recognizes as foreign
- Ccells that protect the body against invaders
- Denzymes secreted to destroy a pathogens cell wall
- Eproteins on the surface of our cells that pathogens attach to
23Adaptive immunity is sometimes also called acquired immunity. Which of the following statements provides a basis for the alternative name?
- Ato become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the antigenic determinant for which they are specific
- Blymphocytes reactive to normal body components are removed
- Cactivated lymphocytes produce daughter cells that are identical in specificity and function
- Dlymphocytes of the adaptive immune system are highly specific for a single antigenic determinant
- Eactivated lymphocytes may persist for years in the body
24Which of the following produces an exogenous antigen?
- Aa noninfected human cell
- Bthe malaria parasite inside a red blood cell
- Ca bacterium inside a cell
- Da bacterium outside a cell
- Ea virus inside a cell
25Which of the following statements about lymphocytes is FALSE?
- Alymphocytes have integral surface glycoproteins by which they can be recognized
- Bthe glycoproteins on the surface of a lymphocyte are designated with the prefix CD, for "cluster of defferentiation"
- Clymphocytes have different types of CD molecules in their cytoplasmic membranes
- DB and T lymphocytes can be diffrentiated under the microscope
- Eonce they are mature, they migrate to secondary lymphoid organ
26Which of the following is not a MALT?
- Athe appendix
- Blymphoid tissue in the small intestine
- Clymphoid tissue in the respritory tract
- Dthe spleen
- Epeyer's patches
27Which of the following statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody is FALSE?
- Aantibodies are formed of four polypeptide chains
- Bantibodies have two long peptide chains known as heavy chains
- Cthe stem and arm are connected by hinge
- Dthe heavy and light chains are connected by hydrogen bonds
- Eantibodies have two short peptide chains known as light chains
28The Fc portion of an antibody is formed
- Athe upper portions of the heavy chains
- Bthe upper portions of the light chains
- Cthe lower portions of the light chains
- Done light chain and one heavy chain
- Ethe lower portions of the heavy chains
29The humoral immune response is attributed to the action of...
- Amonocytes
- Bmacrophages
- Cneutrophils
- DT lymphocytes
- EB lymphocytes
30Which of the following statements regarding antibody function is FALSE?
- Athey can bind more than one pathogen at a time, forming large aggregates
- Bthe can facilitate phagocyte attack on bacteria with a capsule (glycocalyx)
- Cthey can facilitate ctyotoxic attack by natural killer lymphocytes
- Dthey can prevent virus attachment to host cells
- Ethey can penetrate host cells to bind intracellular antigens
31The most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is...
- AlgG
- BlgD
- ClgE
- DlgM
- ElgA
32Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?
- Ainterleukins
- Bgrowth factors
- Cchemokines
- Dinterferons
- Etumor necrosis factors
33Which if the following statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is FALSE?
- Athey are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen
- Bscientists estimate that each person forms at least 101 different types of B lymphocytes withs distinct BCRs
- Cthey are complementary in shape to a specific antigenic determinant that they may or may not encounter
- Dthey are bound to the surface of B lymphocytes and have two antigen-binding sites
- Eeach B lymphocyte is randomly generated with antibody variable regions that determine its BCR
34Which if the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?
- AT lymphocytes have TCRs that recognize antigen only if it is bound to MHC
- BT lymphocytes directly attack antigens and produce the cell-mediated immune response
- Cthere are three types of T lymphocytes
- Dthere are fewer types of T cell receptors than B cell receptors, and therefore the T lymphocyte cannot react with as many types of antigens
- ET lymphocytes are called such because they mature in the thymus
35Which of the following statements concerning specific immunity is FALSE?
- Ait has memory
- Bit is acquired
- Cit is the body's ability to respond to specific anvading pathogens
- Dit is the third line of defense
- Eit changes little with repeated exposure to the same pathogen
36Major histocompatibility antigens are...
- Aantigens attached to foreign invaders
- Bnot really antigens, but rather antibodies produced to mask foreign antigens
- Cantigens that must be processed by cells called histocytes in order to be recognized by the immune systems
- Dantigens that provoke allergic reactions
- Eglycoproteins found in the cytoplasmic membranes of most vertebrate animals
37Which if the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE?
- Athey live a long time and function as memory cells
- Bthey are activated by B cells
- Cthey secrete antibody molecules with antigen-determining sites that act only against specific antigen determinents
- Dthe antibodies they produce can remain in circulation for years
- Ethey produce 2000 antibodies persecond
38Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as...
- Aprimary immune responses
- Bautoimmune repsonses
- Callergic responses
- Dmemory respones
- Ethird-degree immune respones
39Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is true?
- Acytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with antibodies that have bound antigen to identify their target
- Bcytotoxic T lymphocytes do not require antigen presentation to become activated
- Chelper T lymphocytes have no role in their activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- Dcytotoxic T lymphocytes kill by producing hydrogen preoxide
- Ea single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells
40What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person gets a disease?
- Anaturally acquired passive immunity
- Binnate immunity
- Cnaturally acquired active immunity
- Dartificially acquired passive immunity
- Eactificially acquired active immunity
41A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These virus infections have different treatment options, so the physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti-influenza antibodies are primarily lgM, and anti-RSV antibodies are all lgA and lgG. Whichi of the following is the most appropriate interpertaion?
- Athe child has a current RSV infection and was previously exposed to influenza
- Bthe child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections
- Cthe child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV
- Dthe results do not provide sufficientdata to draw a conclusion
- Ethe child has neither influenza nor RSV
42The most efficient and cost-effective way to control infectious diseases?
- Avariolation
- Bimmune testing
- Cactive immunization by vaccination
- Dautoimmunization
- Epassive immunotherapy using immunoglobins
43Killed vaccines work by stimulating...
- Athe cell-mediated immune response
- Bcytotoxic T cells
- Clymphocyte proliferation
- Dthe production of antibodies
- Ethe actions of Th1 cells
44A person that has been exposed to rabies recieves both HRIG (human rabies immunoglobulin) injected near the bite and the rabies vaccine. What does this strategy represent?
- Aactive immunization combined with passive immunotherapy
- Bactive immunization
- Cviral hemagglutination inhibition
- Dpassive immunotherapy combined with viral hemagglutination inhibition
- Epassive immunotherapy
45Which of the following statements regarding ELISA's is true?
- Athey require large amounts of serum
- Bthey are very labor intensive
- Cthe antibody label is a flourescent molecule
- Dthey can be used to detect antibody or antigen
- Ethey involve the use of membrane filters
46Which of the following is an example of a type I hypersensitivity reaction?
- Athe tuberculin response
- Bdestruction of RBC's after an incompatible blood transfusion
- Cfarmers lung
- Ddepostition of immune complexes in the kidney
- Ewatery eyes after exposure to animal dander
47Which of the following would test positive for the tuberculin response?
- Asomeone who has been immunized with the tuberculosis vaccine or previously been injected subcutaneously with tuberculin
- Bsomeone who has previously had tuberculosis
- Csomeone who has been immunized with tuberculosis vaccine or has previously had tuberculosis
- Dsomeone who has previosuly been injected subcuateously with tuberculin
- Esomeone who has been immunized with the tuberculosis vaccine
48in a process called [blank_start]hematopoiesis[blank_end], blood stem cells located in the bone marrow produce the three types of formed elements found in the blood.
- Ahematopoiesis
49An antigen produced by a pathogen while living inside a cell is known as an [blank_start]endogenous[blank_end] antigen.
- Aendogenous
50The body recognizes antigens by the three-dimensional shapes of regions known as [blank_start]epitopes[blank_end].
- Aepitopes
51Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and [blank_start]dendritic cells[blank_end].
- Adendritic cells
52The surface of each B lymphocyte is covered with about 250,000 to 500,000 identical copies of [blank_start]b-cell receptors[blank_end].
- Ab-cell receptors
53TCRs only recognize antigens presented by APC; therefore, [blank_start]MHC[blank_end] molecules ultimately determine which epitopes elicit an immune response.
- AMHC
54An APC presents antigen to an unactivated T lymphocyte on an MHC I molecule and secretes IL-12 at the same time. As a result, the T lymphocyte differentiates in a [blank_start]Th1[blank_end] lymphocyte.
- ATh1
55When a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell interact, a specialized contact called an [blank_start]immunological response[blank_end] forms between them.
- Aimmunological response
56[blank_start]Rheumatoid arthritis[blank_end] is a type III hypersensitivity that results when B cells produce autoantibodies that danage the catilidge in the joints.
- Arheumatoid arthritis
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- Microbiology (Module 4) Quiz on Exam 4, created by Lyna Phillips on 28/11/2016.
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- Lyna Phillips
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