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Test 2
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Questions in this quiz (50)
1The ____________ is the protein coat of a virus that surrounds the genetic material.
- Ahost
- Bprion
- Ccapsid
- Dviroid
- Ecapsule
2Among the viruses identified, the characteristics of their genomes show many variations. Which of the following does not describe a typical characteristic of viral genomes?
- AThe genetic material may be DNA or RNA.
- BThe nucleic acid may be single stranded or double stranded.
- CThe genome may carry just a few genes or several dozen.
- DThe number of copies of the genome may vary.
- EAll of the above describe typical variation in viral genomes.
3During viral infection, attachment is usually specific to a particular cell type because
- Athe virus is attracted to the appropriate host cells by proteins secreted into the extracellular fluid.
- Bthe virus recognizes and binds to specific molecules in the cytoplasm of the host cell.
- Cthe virus recognizes and binds to specific molecules on the surface of the host cell.
- Dthe host cell produces channel proteins that provide passageways for viruses to enter the cytoplasm.
- Ethe virus releases specific proteins that make holes in the membrane large enough for the virus to enter.
4HIV, a retrovirus, has a high mutation rate because
- Athe DNA of the viral genome is less stable than other viral genomes.
- Bthe viral enzyme reverse transcriptase has a high likelihood of making replication errors.
- Cthe viral genome is altered every time it is incorporated into the host genome.
- Dantibodies produced by the host cell mutate the viral genome when infection occurs.
- Eall of the above.
5A _______ is an infectious agent composed solely of RNA, whereas a ______ is an infectious agent composed solely of protein.
- Aretrovirus, bacteriophage
- Bviroid, virus
- Cprion, virus
- Dretrovirus, prion
- Eviroid, prion
6Genetic diversity is maintained in bacterial populations by all of the following except
- Abinary fission.
- Bmutation.
- Ctransformation.
- Dtransduction.
- Econjugation.
7Bacterial cells divide by a process known as
- Amitosis.
- Bcytokinesis.
- Cmeiosis.
- Dbinary fission.
- Eglycolysis.
8Gene transfer in which a bacterial cell takes up bacterial DNA from the environment is also called
- Aconjugation.
- Bbinary fission.
- Casexual reproduction.
- Dtransformation.
- Etransduction.
9A bacterial cell can donate DNA during conjugation when it
- Aproduces competence factors.
- Bcontains an F factor.
- Cis virulent.
- Dhas been infected by a bacteriophage.
- Eall of the above.
10A bacterial species that becomes resistant to certain antibiotics may have acquired the resistance genes from another bacterial species. The phenomenon of acquiring genes from another organism without being the offspring of that organism is known as
- Ahybridization.
- Bintegration.
- Chorizontal gene transfer.
- Dvertical gene transfer.
- Ecompetence.
11Which of the following features is common to prokaryotic cells?
- Aa nucleus, featuring a nuclear envelope with pores
- Bmitochondria
- Cplasma membranes
- Dmitotic spindle
- Enone of the above
12The bacterial phylum that typically produces oxygen gas as the result of photosynthesis is
- Athe proteobacteria.
- Bthe cyanobacteria.
- Cthe Gram-positive bacteria.
- Dall of the listed choices.
- Enone of the listed choices.
13The Gram stain is a procedure that microbiologists use to
- Adetermine if a bacterial strain is a pathogen.
- Bdetermine if a bacterial sample can break down oil.
- Cinfer the structure of a bacterial cell wall and bacterial response to antibodies.
- Dcount bacteria in medical environmental samples.
- Edo all of the above.
14Place the following steps in the correct order, according to Koch's postulates:
I. Determine if pure cultures of bacteria cause disease symptoms when introduced to a healthy host.
II. Determine if disease symptoms correlate with presence of a suspected pathogen.
III. Isolate the suspected pathogen and grow it in pure culture, free of other possible pathogens.
IV. Attempt to isolate pathogen from second-infected hosts.- AII, III, IV, I
- BII, IV, III, I
- CIII, II, I, IV
- DII, III, I, IV
- EI, II, III, IV
15Cyanobacteria play what ecological role?
- Aproducers
- Bconsumers
- Cdecomposers
- Dparasites
- Enone of the listed choices
16Bacterial structures that are produced by pathogenic bacteria for use in attacking host cells include
- Atype III and IV secretion systems.
- Bmagnetosomes.
- Cgas vesicles.
- Dthylakoids.
- Enone of the above.
17The structures that enable some Gram-positive bacteria to remain dormant for extremely long periods of time are known as
- Aakinetes.
- Bendospores.
- Cbiofilms.
- Dlipopolysaccharide envelopes.
- Epili.
18By means of what process do populations of bacteria or archaea increase their size?
- Amitosis
- Bmeiosis
- Cconjugation
- Dtransduction
- Enone of the above
19By what means do bacterial cells acquire new DNA?
- Aby conjugation, the mating of two cells of the same bacterial species
- Bby transduction, the injection of viral DNA into bacterial cells
- Cby transformation, the uptake of DNA from the environment
- Dall of the above
- Enone of the above
20How do various types of bacteria move?
- Aby the use of flagella, composed of a filament, hook, and motor
- Bby means of pili, which help cells twitch or glide along a surface
- Cby using gas vesicles to regulate buoyancy in water bodies
- Dall of the above
- Enone of the above
21If you were studying the evolution of animal-specific cell-to-cell signaling systems, from which of the following would you choose representative species to observe?
- ARhodophyta
- BExcavata
- CChoanomonada
- DRadiolaria
- EChlorophyta
22If you were studying the origin of land plant traits, which of the following groups would you study?
- Agreen algae
- Bradiolarians
- Cchoanoflagellates
- Ddiatoms
- Eciliates
23Which informal ecological group of protists include photoautotrophs?
- Aprotozoa
- Balgae
- Cfungus-like protists
- Dciliates
- Eall of the above
24How would you recognize a primary plastid? It would:
- Ahave one envelope membrane.
- Bhave two envelope membranes.
- Chave more than two envelope membranes.
- Dlack pigments.
- Ebe golden brown in color.
25What organisms have tertiary plastids?
- Acertain stramenopiles
- Bcertain euglenoids
- Ccertain cryptomonads
- Dcertain opisthokonts
- Ecertain dinoflagellates
26What is surprising about mixotrophs?
- AThey have no plastids, but they occur mixed in communities with autotrophs.
- BThey have mixed heterotrophic and autotrophic nutrition.
- CTheir cells contain a mixture of red and green plastids.
- DTheir cells contain a mixture of haploid and diploid nuclei.
- EThey consume a mixed diet of algae.
27What advantages do diatoms obtain from sexual reproduction?
- Aincreased genetic variability
- Bincreased ability of populations to respond to environmental change
- Cevolutionary potential
- Dregeneration of maximal cell size for the species
- Eall of the above
28What are extrusomes?
- Ahairs on flagella
- Bmembrane sacs beneath the cell surface
- Ctough-walled asexual cells
- Dspearlike defensive structures shot from cells under attack
- Especial types of survival cysts
29How do pigments such as phycoerythrin in red algae and fucoxanthin in brown algae benefit these autotrophic protists?
- AThe pigments provide camouflage, so herbivores cannot see algae.
- BThe pigments absorb blue-green underwater light and transfer the energy to chlorophyll a for use in photosynthesis.
- CThe pigments attract aquatic animals that carry gametes between seaweeds.
- DThe pigments absorb ultraviolet (UV) light that would harm the photosynthetic apparatus.
- EAll of the above are correct.
30What are the alternate hosts of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum?
- Ahumans (or great apes) and ticks
- Bticks and mosquitoes
- Chumans (or great apes) and Anopheles mosquitoes
- Dhumans (or great apes) and all types of mosquitoes
- Esporophytes and gametophytes
31The simplest and most ancient phylum of modern land plants is probably
- Athe pteridophytes.
- Bthe cycads.
- Cthe liverworts.
- Dthe angiosperms.
- Enone of the listed choices.
32An important feature of land plants that originated during the diversification of streptophyte algae is
- Athe sporophyte.
- Bspores, which are dispersed in air and coated with sporopollenin.
- Ctracheids.
- Dplasmodesmata.
- Efruits.
33A phylum whose members are also known as bryophytes is commonly known as
- Aliverworts.
- Bhornworts.
- Cmosses.
- Dall of the above.
- Enone of the above.
34Plants posses a life cycle that involves alternation of two multicellular generations: the gametophyte and
- Athe lycophyte.
- Bthe bryophyte.
- Cthe pteridophyte
- Dthe lignophyte.
- Ethe sporophyte.
35The seed plants are also known as
- Abryophytes.
- Bspermatophytes.
- Cpteridophytes.
- Dlycophytes.
- Enone of the above.
36A waxy cuticle is an adaption that
- Ahelps to prevent water loss from tracheophytes.
- Bhelps to prevent water loss from streptophyte algae.
- Chelps to prevent water loss from bryophytes.
- Daids in water transport within the bodies of vascular plants.
- Edoes all of the above.
37Plant photosynthesis transformed a very large amount of carbon dioxide into decay-resistant organic compounds, thereby causing a dramatic decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during the geological period known as the
- ACambrian.
- BOrdovician.
- CCarboniferous.
- DPermian.
- EPleistocene.
38Which phylum among the plants listed is likely to have the largest leaves?
- Aliverworts
- Bhornworts
- Cmosses
- Dlycophytes
- Epteridophytes
39Fern euphylls, also known as megaphylls, probably evolved from
- Athe leaves of mosses.
- Blycophylls.
- Cbranched-stem systems.
- Dmodified roots.
- Enone of the listed choices.
40A seed develops from
- Aa spore.
- Ba fertilized ovule.
- Ca microsporangium covered by integuments.
- Dendosperm.
- Enone of the above.
41What feature must be present for a plant to produce wood?
- Aa type of conducting system in which vascular bundles occur in a ring around pith
- Ba eustele
- Ca vascular cambium
- Dall of the above
- Enone of the above
42Which sequence of critical adaptations reflects the order of their appearance in time?
- Aembryos, vascular tissue, wood, seeds, flowers
- Bvascular tissue, embryos, wood, flowers, seeds
- Cvascular tissue, wood, seeds, embryos, flowers
- Dwood, seeds, embryos, flowers, vascular tissue
- Eseeds, vascular tissue, wood, embryos, flowers
43How long have ancient and modern groups of gymnosperms been important members of plant communities?
- A10,000 years, since the dawn of agriculture
- B100,000 years
- C300,000 years
- D65 million years, since the K/T event
- E300 million years, since the Coal Age
44What similar features do gymnosperms and angiosperms possess that differ from other modern vascular plants?
- AGymnosperms and angiosperms both produce flagellate sperm.
- BGymnosperms and angiosperms both produce flowers.
- CGymnosperms and angiosperms both produce tracheids, but not vessels, in their vascular tissues.
- DGymnosperms and angiosperms both produce fruits.
- Enone of the above.
45Which part of a flower receives pollen from the wind or a pollinating animal?
- Aperianth
- Bstigma
- Cfilament
- Dpedicel
- Eovary
46The primary function of a fruit is to
- Aprovide food for the developing seed.
- Bprovide food for the developing seedling.
- Cfoster pollen dispersal.
- Dfoster seed dispersal.
- Enone of the above.
47What are some ways in which flowers have diversified?
- Acolor
- Bnumber of flower parts
- Cfusion of organs
- Daggregation into inflorescences
- Eall of the above
48Flowers of the genus Fuchsia produce deep pink to red flowers that dangle from plants, produce nectar in floral tubes, and have no scent. Based on these features, which animal is most likely to be a coevolved pollinator?
- Abee
- Bbat
- Chummingbird
- Dbutterfly
- Emoth
49Which type of plant secondary metabolite is best known for the antioxidant properties of human foods such as blueberries, tea, and grape juice?
- Aalkaloids
- Bcannabinoids
- Ccarotenoids
- Dphenolics
- Eterpenoids
50What features of domesticated grain crops might differ from those of wild ancestors?
- Athe degree to which ears shatter, allowing for seed dispersal
- Bgrain size
- Cnumber of grains per ear
- Dsoftness and edibility of grains
- Eall of the above
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- Biology Quiz on Test 2, created by Sean Corcoran on 03/04/2017.
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- Sean Corcoran
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