80622
Description
Quiz by Sami-Jaine, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sami-Jaine
almost 11 years ago
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Question 1
Question
Which of the following are considered the "rules of direct causal association"
Answer
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not all patients with the type of cancer in question have to have previously been infected with the virus
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every cancer of this type carries the virus' genetic information in every malignant cell
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The virus itself, or individual virus genes can often "transform" the growth of normal cells in cell culture
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all patients with the type of cancer in question have previously infected with the virus
Question 2
Question
Which of the following contribute to the breakdown of tolerance?
Answer
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Failure to delete auto-reactive lymphocytes (peripheral and central tolerance failure)
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Molecular mimicry
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Abnormal presentation of self antigens
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Epitope spreading
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Polyclonal lymphocyte activation
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All of the above
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None of the above. This is a trick question.
Question 3
Question
Cigarette smoke is an irritant to the respiratory epithelium. It paralyses the sensitive cilia on the columnar cells and so the cells are (reversibly) replaced by the more robust squamous cells. This is an example of...
Answer
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metaplasia
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atrophy
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dysplasia
Question 4
Question
Dysplasia is the (reversible) state where a cell can change in which of the following ways...
Answer
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cell type
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size
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shape
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organisation
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colour
Question 5
Question
Dysplasia is considered...
Answer
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cancerous
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benign
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precancerous
Question 6
Question
Which of the following are true?
Answer
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Carcinomas are tumours of the epithelium
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Lymphomas, leukaemias and myelomas are haematological tumours
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Benign tumours can be fatal
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Sarcomas are tumours of muscle, cartilage, bone etc
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Benign tumours are still functional tissues
Question 7
Question
cancers arise in single cells. this makes them clonal in origin.
because all the cells in the cancer arose from the proliferation of this one cell, cancers are said to be
Answer
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monoclonal
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polyclonal
Question 8
Question
Is a malignant cell able to perform specialist tasks?
Answer
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Yes
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No
Question 9
Question
Distant growths originating from one tumour are called metastases?
Answer
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Yes
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No
Question 10
Question
Which of the following have an influence upon cancer development
Answer
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Geographical location
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Dietary fats, vitamins an fibres
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Smoking, sex hormones, age, family history
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