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Earth Science chapter 7 part 1

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Quiz on Earth Science chapter 7 part 1, created by saradiaz16 on 08/05/2014.
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Quiz by saradiaz16, updated more than 1 year ago
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Question 1

Question
________ was an ancient reptile that lived in South America and Africa during the late Paleozoic.
Answer
  • Granopteris
  • Monastarious
  • Glossopteris
  • Mesosaurus

Question 2

Question
In the early part of the twentieth century, ________ argued forcefully for continental drift.
Answer
  • Karl Wagner
  • Peter Rommel
  • Alfred Wegener
  • Bill Kohl

Question 3

Question
The former late Paleozoic super continent is known as ________.
Answer
  • Pandomonia
  • Pancakea
  • Pangaea
  • Panatopia

Question 4

Question
Today, ________ is in about the same geographic position as during late Paleozoic time.
Answer
  • India
  • South America
  • Australia
  • Antarctica

Question 5

Question
Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere?
Answer
  • lithified loess (wind-blown) deposits in the deserts of Chile, Australia, and Africa
  • tillites (rocks formed by glaciers) in South Africa and South America
  • thick sediments in the Amazon and Congo deltas of South America and Africa
  • cold water fossils in the deep-water sediments of the South Atlantic abyssal plain

Question 6

Question
The ________ is an example of an active, continent-continent collision.
Answer
  • Arabian Peninsula slamming into North Africa under the Red Sea
  • westward movement of the South American plate over the Nazca plate
  • northern movement of Baja California and a sliver of western California toward the Hawaiian Islands
  • northward movement of India into Eurasia

Question 7

Question
Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with a ________ plate boundary.
Answer
  • transform
  • divergent
  • convergent
  • all plate boundaries

Question 8

Question
The temperature below which magnetic material can retain a permanent magnetization is called the ________.
Answer
  • Darcy temperature
  • Vine temperature
  • Bullard point
  • Curie point

Question 9

Question
A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ________.
Answer
  • magma welt
  • basalt spout
  • melt well
  • hot spot

Question 10

Question
Linear, magnetic patterns associated with mid-ocean ridges are configured as ________.
Answer
  • concentric circles about a rising plume of hot mantle rocks and magma
  • reversed magnetizations along the rift valleys and normal magnetizations along the ridge
  • normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly parallel to the ridge
  • normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly perpendicular to the ridge axis

Question 11

Question
The ________ is (are) a logical evolutionary analog of the African Rift Valleys ten million years from now.
Answer
  • Ural Mountains
  • San Andreas fault
  • Peru-Chile trench
  • Red Sea

Question 12

Question
A typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean is ________.
Answer
  • 2 feet per year
  • 0.1 inches per year
  • 20 feet per year
  • 2 centimeters per year

Question 13

Question
Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates?
Answer
  • gravitational attractive forces of the Sun and Moon
  • electrical and magnetic fields localized in the inner core
  • export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere
  • swirling movements of the molten iron particles in the outer core

Question 14

Question
The continental drift hypothesis was rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not ________.
Answer
  • find geologic similarities on different continents
  • disprove competing theories that were more accepted by scientists
  • identify a mechanism capable of moving continents
  • all of the above

Question 15

Question
All of the following are evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics except for ________.
Answer
  • changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates
  • ocean floor drilling
  • hot spots
  • paleomagnetism

Question 16

Question
________ was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea.
Answer
  • Geometrical fit between South America and Africa
  • Islands of Precambrian rocks along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
  • Late Paleozoic glacial features
  • Similar fossils on different continents

Question 17

Question
Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands?
Answer
  • stratovolcanoes associated with subduction and a convergent plate boundary
  • shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate
  • shield volcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific ridge and spreading center
  • stratovolcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific transform fault

Question 18

Question
Which of the following statements apply to the asthenosphere, but not the lithosphere?
Answer
  • zone in the upper mantle that deforms by plastic flowage
  • cool, rigid layer of crust and upper mantle that forms the tectonic plates
  • deforms mainly by brittle fracturing and faulting
  • partial melting of rising granitic plumes produces huge volumes of basaltic magma

Question 19

Question
Which of the following statements apply to the asthenosphere, but not the lithosphere?
Answer
  • zone in the upper mantle that deforms by plastic flowage
  • cool, rigid layer of crust and upper mantle that forms the tectonic plates
  • deforms mainly by brittle fracturing and faulting
  • partial melting of rising granitic plumes produces huge volumes of basaltic magma

Question 20

Question
New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ________.
Answer
  • divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma
  • convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma
  • divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma
  • convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma

Question 21

Question
Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ________.
Answer
  • subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries
  • transform fault zones along divergent plate boundaries
  • rift zones along mid-ocean ridges
  • sites of long-lived, hot spot volcanism in the ocean basins

Question 22

Question
Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for ________.
Answer
  • rifting beneath a continental plate and the beginning of continental drift
  • sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone
  • rising of hot asthenosphere from deep in the mantle
  • transform faulting between an oceanic plate and a continental plate

Question 23

Question
A transform plate boundary is characterized by ________.
Answer
  • stratovolcanoes on the edge of a plate and shield volcanoes on the adjacent plate
  • two converging oceanic plates meeting head-on and piling up into a mid-ocean ridge
  • a divergent boundary where the continental plate changes to an oceanic plate
  • a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions

Question 24

Question
Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory?
Answer
  • Earth's magnetic field originates in the outer core.
  • Earth's diameter has been essentially constant over time
  • Radioactive decay slows down at the extreme pressures of the inner core.
  • Earth's ocean basins are very old and stable features

Question 25

Question
The modern-day Red Sea is explained by plate tectonics theory because it is ________.
Answer
  • a tiny remnant of a once immense ocean that was closed as Africa moved toward Asia
  • the site of a transform fault along which Arabia is moving away from Africa
  • a rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to separate
  • a rare example of a two-continent subduction zone where the African continental plate is sinking under the Arabian continental plate

Question 26

Question
Mount St. Helens and the other Cascade volcanoes are ________.
Answer
  • young, active stratovolcanoes built on a continental margin above a sinking slab of oceanic lithosphere
  • a row of young, active, shield volcanoes built as western North America moved over a hot spot deep in the mantle
  • old, deeply eroded stratovolcanoes built before the Pacific Ocean existed
  • old, deeply eroded, basaltic shield volcanoes built when western North America was over the present-day site of the Hawaiian hot spot

Question 27

Question
The volcanoes and deep valleys of east Africa are related to a ________.
Answer
  • continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate
  • fault allowing Arabia to slip westward past east Africa and penetrate into Turkey
  • transform fault aligned with the Red Sea carrying the Arabian and African blocks in opposite directions
  • continental collision zone between Africa and the Zagros Mountains along the southern margin of Eurasia

Question 28

Question
The Aleutian Islands occur at a ________.
Answer
  • convergent boundary on a volcanic arc above a northward-subducting Pacific plate
  • transform boundary where North America has moved towards Alaska
  • divergent boundary where shield volcanoes are forming
  • convergent, continental margin with uplifted fault blocks, much like those of the Basin and Range Province

Question 29

Question
________ most effectively outline the edges of the lithospheric plates.
Answer
  • Lines of active stratovolcanoes
  • Margins of the continental shelves
  • The locations of deep mantle hot spots
  • Lines of earthquake epicenters

Question 30

Question
Deep-oceanic trenches are most abundant around the rim of the ________ ocean basin.
Answer
  • Atlantic
  • Indian
  • Arctic
  • Pacific

Question 31

Question
Where would you drill to recover samples of the oldest basalts of the oceanic crust, which are Jurassic in age?
Answer
  • crest of the East Pacific, mid-ocean ridge
  • oceanic side of the Aleutian trench
  • just offshore from the Hawaiian Islands
  • Mid-Atlantic Ridge under Iceland

Question 32

Question
________ first related the symmetrical magnetic patterns in seafloor basalts to seafloor spreading at a mid-ocean ridge.
Answer
  • Evans and Novak
  • Vine and Matthews
  • Matthews and Marks
  • Wegener and Wilson

Question 33

Question
Early results of the Deep Sea Drilling Project clearly justified the conclusion that ________.
Answer
  • the oceans have not always contained most of Earth's water
  • the ocean basins are relatively young; most ocean basin rocks and sediments are Cretaceous or younger in age
  • Proterozoic rocks are found only as seamounts in the deepest parts of the ocean basins
  • the youngest sediments were deposited directly on the oldest seafloor basalts

Question 34

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Answer
  • fossil evidence
  • fit of the continents
  • paleomagnetism
  • paleoclimates

Question 35

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Answer
  • Curie point
  • paleomagnetism
  • magnetic poles
  • polar

Question 36

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Answer
  • oceanic ridge
  • seafloor spreading
  • arc volcanoes
  • divergent

Question 37

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Answer
  • Hawaii
  • island arc
  • volcanic arc
  • subduction

Question 38

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Answer
  • Hawaii
  • island arc
  • volcanic arc
  • subduction

Question 39

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern
Answer
  • slab pull
  • mantle drag
  • ridge push
  • slab suction

Question 40

Question
The oldest rocks on the seafloor are much younger than the oldest rocks on the continents.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
Earth's radius and surface area are slowly increasing to accommodate the new oceanic crust being formed at mid-ocean ridges.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
Hawaii is the oldest island of the Hawaiian Island chain.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
The oldest rocks of the oceanic crust are found in deep ocean trenches far away from active, mid-ocean ridges
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
As the South Atlantic basin widens by seafloor spreading, Africa and South America are moving closer together.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
In general, rocks of the continental crust are less dense than rocks of the oceanic crust.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
During various times in the geologic past, the polarity of Earth's magnetic field has been reversed.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
The rate of seafloor spreading is, on the average, about one meter per year.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
Wegener's continental drift hypothesis was weakened because a viable mechanism for moving the continents was lacking.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 49

Question
During the geologic past, the magnetic field poles have generally been very close to Earth's rotational poles.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
Seafloor spreading rates can be estimated if the geologic ages of the magnetic field reversals are independently known.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 51

Question
The volcanoes of Hawaii are localized above a deep mantle hot spot; they are not part of the East Pacific oceanic ridge
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 52

Question
Iceland is a good example of an island arc, formed from an oceanic-oceanic plate collision.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
An extensive, late Paleozoic glaciation affected southern India, southern Africa and southeastern South America.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 54

Question
The Himalayan Mountains are the tectonic product of a collision between India and Eurasia that began in Eocene time and still continues.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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