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Quiz Final exam 2106B - Summary
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Questions in this quiz (163)
1CHAPTER #1 : PERSPECTIVES AND THEORIES
1. How do sociologists defined deviant behavior?- AFor sociologists, there is 2 perspectives on deviant behavior.
- BFor sociologists, there is 2 majors perspectives on deviant behavior.
2What view holds the positivist perspective?
- AThe absolutism view that deviant behavior is absolutely real, the objectivist view that deviance is an observable object, and the determinist view that deviance is determined behavior.
- BThe relativist view that the so called deviance is largely a label applied to an act at a given time and place, the subjectivist view that deviance is itself a subjective experience, and the voluntarist view that deviance is a voluntary, self-willed act.
3What view holds the constructionist perspective?
- AThe absolutism view that deviant behavior is absolutely real, the objectivist view that deviance is an observable object, and the determinist view that deviance is determined behavior.
- BThe relativist view that the so called deviance is largely a label applied to an act at a given time and place, the subjectivist view that deviance is itself a subjective experience, and the voluntarist view that deviance is a voluntary, self-willed act.
42. Can we integrate those 2 perspectives? (Positivist and constructionist)
- AYes, with the integrated view.
- BNo, they mean the opposite.
5With the integrated view, the high-consensus category his often the subject of which perspective in sociology ?
- AThe construtionist perspective
- BThe positivist perspective
- CAll of the above
6With the integrated view, the lower-consensus category his often the subject of which perspective in sociology ?
- AThe constructionist perspective
- BThe positivist perspective
- CAll of the above
7CHAPTER #2 : POSITIVIST THEORIES
1. Wich theory explain the causation of deviant behavior? According to this thoery lower-class people are more likely to get involved in deviant activities because the society encouraged them to pursue a high success goal without providing them with the means of acheving it.- AMerton's theory : The goal-means gap (Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, Rebellion)
- BCohen's thoery : Status Frustration
- CCloward and Ohlin: Differential Illegitimate opportunity
8Wich theory is proposing that when their aspirations for status are frustrated in the middle-class milieu, lower-class youths are driven to achieve status among themselves by engaging in delinquency.
- AMerton's thoery : The goal-means gap
- BCohen's theory : Status Frustration
- CCloward and Ohlin : Differential illegitimate Opportunity
9Which theory is suggesting that whether potentielle delinquent lower-class youth will actually become delinquent depends in whether they have access to illegitimate opportunity.
- AMerton's theory : The goal-means gap
- BCohen's theory : Status frustation
- CCloward and Ohlin's theory : Differential Illegitimate Opportunity
10What does sociologists suggest to had to Merton's theory?
- AExtend it by attributing deviance to the American Dream and forms of strain ignored by Merton.
- BExtend it by attributing deviance to the social pressure by peers.
- CAll of the above
- DNone of the above
11How good is anomie-strain theory?
- AReally good, with empiracal proof.
- BTheorically good, with some flaws.
- CBad, doesn't apply to any data.
122. According to various versions of social learning theory, why do some people become deviant?
- ASome people become deviant because they learned throw others to become deviant.
- BSome people become deviant because their aspirations are to high for their opportunities.
- CSome people become deviant because they have the power to do so.
- DNone of the above
13Which theory states that people will likely become deviant if they associate more with individuals who hold deviant ideas than with those who embrase antideviant ideas.
- AGlaser's theory : Differential identification
- BSutherland's theory : Differential association
- CBurgess and Akers's theory : Differential Renforcement
- DNone of the above
14Which theories complete the Anomie-Strain theory ?
- Aa. Merton's
- Bb. Cohen's
- Cc. Cloward and Ohlin's
- Dd.Glaser : Differential Identification
- Ee. a,b,c
- Ff. a,c,d
- Gg. None of the above
15Which theory is siggesting that the determining factor for turning the differential association into criminal action is diffferential identification ?
- ASutherland : Differential Association
- BGlaser : Differential Identification
- CBurgess and Akers: Differential Reinforcement
- DNone of the above
16Which theory designate differential reinforcement the determining factor ?
- ASuterland : Differential association
- BGlaser: Differential Identification
- CBurgess and Akers : Differential reinforcement
- DNone of the above
17Are Sutherland's theory and its extended versions any good?
- ANo data supporting the theory. Except for Glaser's theory.
- BBeing critisized for his lack of precision concerning the meaning of "differential association".
- CBurgees and Akers's theory cannot explain initial acts of deviance but is useful for explaining repeated deviance.
- DAll of the aboie
18Which theories are included in the Social Learning Theory?
- Aa. Cohen's status frustration
- Bb. Sutherland : Differential Association
- Cc. Glaser : Differential Identification
- Dd. Burgess and Akers : Differential Reinforcement
- Ee. b,c,d
- Ff. a,c,d
- Gg. None of the above
193. According to the theory , what causes conformity is control, and therefore, the lack of control causes deviance.
- ALearning thoery
- BControl theory
- CPower theory
- DLabeling theory
20In the control theory, Hirshi refers to this causal factors of conformity as our ...
- Abond to society, self-control
- Blegal punisment
- Creintegrative shaming
- DAll of the above
21Braithwaite calls it ...
- Abond to society, self-control
- Blegal punishment
- Creintegrative shaming
- DNone of the above
22Proponents of deterrence doctrine refer to it as ...
- Abond to society, or self-control
- Blegal punishment
- Creintegrative shaming
- DNone of the above
23What are the strengths and weaknesses of various control theories?
- Aa. Hirshi's theory has no support from research data, and strong social bond or self-control may be the cause rather than the effect.
- Bb. Hirshi's theory has support from research data, and weak social bond or self-control may be the effect rather than the cause.
- Cc. Braithwaite's theory about reintegrative sharing able to reduce crime may work for the first time offenders but not hardened criminals.
- Dd. The deterence doctrine has received support from some studies but has been refuted by others.
- Ee. b, d.
- Ff. b,c,d.
- Gg. a.
24What are the main positivist theories
- AI answered in my head
- BPass that question
25CHAPTER #3 : CONSTRUCTIONIST THEORIES
1.According to this theory, superordinate parties apply the deviant label to subordinate parties; being labeled deviant produces unfavorable consequences for the individual so labeled; and labeling some individuals as deviant generates favorable consequences for the comunity?- AConflict theory
- BPhenomenoligical theory
- CControl theory
- DNone of the above
26What are the strengths and weaknesses of the labelling theory?
- AThe theory is generally convincing , and there are considérable data to support it.
- BThe theory has been criticized for being unable to explain what causes deviance in the first place.
- CThe theory has failed to receive consistent support from studies on the presumed negative consequences of labeling.
- DAll of the above
272. Wich theory claims that the positivist sociologists cannot capture the essence of deviance, while those sociologists can cut into the heart of deviant experience with the scalpel of subjective interpretation, which they try to demonstrate with analyses of specific deviances ?
- AConflict theory
- BPhenomenological theory
- CControl theory
- DLabelling theory
28What are the strenghts and weaknesses of the phenomenological theory?
- APhenomenologists are convincing in arguing that positiviste cannot get into the essence of deviant reality.
- BThe claim that they can instead in justifiable.
- CWhat they also can capture is the essence of deviant reality.
- DAll of the above
293. How do various versions of conflict theory deal with deviance?
According to which theory, the enforcement of law is unjust, favoring the rich over the poor, as a result of historical changes and organizational imperatives.- ASocial reality theory
- BFeminist theory
- CLegal reality theory
- DMarxist theory
- EPower Theory
- FPostmodernist Theory
30Which theory attributes the capitalist society's high crime rates to the convergence of four forces: law-making by the elite, law enforcement for the elite, law violation by the masses, and popular beliefs about the poor as the criminal class.
- ASocial reality theory
- BLegal reality theory
- CMarxist theory
- DFeminist theory
- EPower theory
- FPostmodernist theory
31Which theory traces the source of lower-class deviance to the exploitive nature of capitalism, and the origin of corporate crime to capitalism-generated monopoly
- ASocial reality theory
- Blegal reality theory
- CMarxist theory
- DFeminist theory
- EPower theory
- FPostmodernist theory
32Which theory criticized all other theories for being mostly relevant to men and, therefore, ignoring women. Also ascribe the experience of women as offenders and victims to the patriarchal system of gender inequality ?
- ASocial reality theory
- BLegal reality theory
- CMarxist theory
- DFeminist theory
- EPower theory
- FPostmodernist theory
33Which theory explains that the powerful are more likely to engage in profitable deviance than the powerless in less profitable deviance because the powerful experience stronger deviant motivation, greater deviant opportunity, and weaker social control ?
- ASocial reality theory
- BLegal reality theory
- CMarxist theory
- DPower theory
- EFeminist theory
- FPostmodernist theory
34Which theory shows how "privileged" language (like that of the powerful government) influences the lives of deviants (such as political dissidents) ?
- ASocial reality theory
- BFeminist theory
- CLegal reality theory
- DMarxist theory
- EPower theory
- FPostmodernist theory
354. What are the weaknesses and strengths of conflict theory?
- Aa. Conflict theory can be faulted for assuming that only capitalism or inequality can produce deviance but the utopian, classless society cannot.
- Bb. Conflict theory contributes greatly to our understanding of the making and enforcement of norms and laws, of the power-influenced definition and production of deviance, and of the motivation behind the formulation of laws against seemingly trivial deviance.
- Cc. There is no empirical data proving the conflict theory.
- Dd. a,c.
- Ee. a,b.
36What are the majors constructionist theories ?
- AReady
- BPass
37CHAPTER #4 : PHYSICAL VIOLENCE
1. How do assaults differ from homicide?- AIn assault the victims survives.
- BCompared to the killers, the assaulters are more likely to use firearms.
- CAlso, the assaulters compared to the killers are less likely to commit the offense in the summer.
- DAll of the above
382. What kinds of people are more likely than others to commit homicide?
- APoor, white, men, adults
- BRich, white, men, young adults
- CPoor, African Americans, women, young adults
- DPoor, African American, men, young adults
- ERich, white, women, adults
- FNone of the above
393. Are there any patterns to the occurrence of homicide ?
- AYes.
- BNo.
404. What are the characteristics of homicide ?
- Aa. Homicide is generally warm-blooded killing, involving strangers.
- Bb. Homicide is generally warm-blooded killing, involving relative.
- Cc. May involve the victim to bring about the killing.
- Dd. Often invloves trivial reasons.
- Ee. a,c,d.
- Ff. b,c,d.
415. What is the nature of mass and serial murders ?
- AReady
- BPass
42Mass murderers are mostly ...
- AOrdianary people who are disgruntled employees, heads of family,...
- BAre more clever in eluding the police and more likely to torture their victims before killing them.
43Serial murets are mostly...
- AOrdianary people who are disgruntled employees, heads of family,...
- BAre more clever in eluding the police and more likely to torture their victims before killing them.
44What is the social profile of serial killer ?
- AMost serial killers have attended to college, are able to present themselves as trustworthy, white men, normally kill strangers, and are motivanted to kill bu sadism and a desire for power.
- BMost serial killers have not attended to college, are able to present themselves as trustworthy, white men, normally kill strangers, and are motivanted to kill by sadism and a desire for power.
45What does homicide look like from the global perspective ?
- AHomicide appears associated with poverty, as shown by its greater prevalence in developing countries than in developed countries.
- BIt also has to do with culture of violence which characterizes Latin America more than other poor regions in the world.
- CAll of the above
466. What causes school violence ?
- AContributing factors include the easy availability of guns
- BThe media glamorization of violence
- CThe culture of violence
- DAlso given this environment, youngsters who are emotionally troubled or have been abused by parents or rejected by peers are lees likely to engage in school violence.
- Ee. a,b,c.
- Ff. a,b,c,d.
476. What are stalkers like?
- AMost of the stalkers are ex-intimates, fellow emplyees, and acquaintances most likely to be male and the victime female and a majority of them are loners, mentally unhealthy, and socially incompetent.
- BMost of the stalkers are étrangers that fancies celebrities, or others. Most likely to be male and the victime female and a majority of them are loners, mentally unhealthy, and socially incompetent.
488. How do hate-motivated killers act ?
- Aa. They are more likely to target gays, African Americans than any other group.
- Bb. They use discrimination to intimidate their victims.
- Cc. They use their killing to intimidate the entire group.
- Dd. They usually belong to a hate group and they may kill for thrill, for défense of their birthright, or for the mission of eliminating the groups they hate.
- Ee. All of the above
- Ff. a,c,d.
- Gg. a,b,c,d.
499. What kinds of people are involved in genocide ?
- AVictims of genocide are members of a stigmatized group, the perpetrators are mental distubed people following orders to kill, and the bystanders are average citizens who are not aware of the situation.
- BVictims of genocide are members of a stigmatized group, the perpetrators are normal people following orders to kill, and the bystanders are average citizens who ignore the situation.
50What causes genocide ?
- Aa. The cause include the physical and psychological separation between offenders and victims.
- Bb. Widespread obedience to authority, psychological dissociation between the normal self and the insane act of genocidal killing.
- Cc. The immense power of the state,
- Dd. All of the above
- Ee. a, b.
5110. What causes the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 ?
- AThe attacks were directed by Osama bin Laden, the leader of the terrorist organization al Qaeda, who told its extremely religious and patriotic young members to attack the United States as "the Great Satan".
- BOnly an invention of the U.S. government to give a moral reason to attack their lands for economics gains.
- CNone of the above
52What are the popular myths about terrorism ?
- AOne attributes terrorism to poverty
- BAnother blames terrorism on the lack of democracy
- CAll of the above
- DThere is no myths about terrorism
5311. Why do some people kill ?
- AStrong external restraints as the cause of homicide
- BSubculture of violence as a breeding ground of homicides
- CBoth answers below
- DNone of the above
54Is the death penalty an effective detterent ?
- AYes, empiracal data is supporting this statement.
- BSociologists usually say "no", though economists tend to say "yes".
- CAll of the above
55CHAPTER #5 : RAPE AND CHILD MOLESTATION
1. What are the major patterns of rape ?- ABlack are more likely than whites to commit rape. Rapes are more likely intraracial, and they are more common today that they were before. Most often occurs between the âge of 16 and 20.
- BMost vulnerable ones are young males
- CMost vulnerable ones are females in their thirties.
- DMost rapists don't plan their assault.
56What does involve gang rape ?
- AMany gangs rape involves team members of gangs raping many girls at the same time to prove their masculinity.
- BInvolves young men pressuring each other to prove their masculinity by rapine the same woman.
572. What consequences does rape have for its survivors ?
- AMost survivors are beset with axiety and guilt. But the police and the court tend to hold them partly responsible for the rape.
- BThere have been legal reforms to treat rape survivors better, and now they dont make the victim feels like they "asked for it".
583. What is the culture of rape ?
- Aa. It is made up of prevailing male attitudes toward women as well as the traditional ideas of appropriate sex roles.
- Bb. In such a culture, women are treated as if they were men's property; women are used as objects to tenable men to prove their masculinity; women are believed to have a secret desire to be raped; and girls are taught to play the feminine, submissive role.
- Cc. Women are also treated as equals, but assuming different sex roles.
- Dd. A culture that encourage men to rape
- Ee. a,b,d.
- FAll of the above
59What does the global perspective reveal about wartime rape ?
- AThe army that invades a country tends to rape its women, treating them as if they are the conquered country's property.
- BThe army that invades a country tends to rape their soldiers women using their power and authority to spread fear among them.
604. Why do men rape women ?
What theory attributes rape to a psychological problem, such as the offenders feelings of sexuel inadequency ?- ASocial-psychological theory
- BPsychological theory
- CFeminist theory
61What theory traces the source of rape to a sexually permissive culture that intensifies the male's feeling of rejection by women and thus increases his sexual frustration ?
- ASocial-pyschological theory
- BPsychological theory
- CFeminist theory
62Which theory explains that since rape serves to preserve male dominance in a sexually unequal society, men are likely to assault women ?
- ASocio-psychological theory
- BPsychological theory
- CFeminist theory
635. What is the nature of same-sex rape in prison ?
- AIn many respects, male-against-male rape in prison is not comparable to male-against-female rape in the larger society.
- BIt is basically a phenomenon of a more powerful person raping a smaller person; It is an expression of dominance more than sexuel desire.
64How can men be raped in the larger society ?
- AMen can be raped by other men as well as pressured by women to engage in nonconsensual sex.
- BMale offenders are more likely to be strangers while female offenders tend to be acquaintances.
- CMore than 1/2 of the male victims are heterosexual, so are half od the offenders.
- DAll o the above
65Can women rape men ?
- ANo.
- BYes.
666. What are some of the common characteristics of child molestations ?
- AMost victims are likely to be girls; most child molesters are men; molesters are more likely to be acquainted with their victims; and molesters tend to lack social skills.
- BMost victims are likely to be boys; most child molesters are men; molesters are more likely to be acquainted with their victims; and molesters tend to lack social skills.
67What is the social profile of child molesters ?
- ACompared to rapists of women, child molesters are younger, less likely to have been abused themselves, more gentle and passive, more likely to resort to physical force, less skilled in interacting with women, more likely to victimize the same child repeatedly, and more likely to admit their guilt.
- BCompared to rapists of women, child molesters are older, more likely to have been abused themselves, more gentle and passive, less likely to resort to physical force, less skilled in interacting with women, more likely to victimize the same child repeatedly, and more likely to admit their guilt.
68What could have caused the scandal of child molestation in the U.S. Catholic Church ?
- Aa. Lack of women and married men as priest.
- Bb. The declining numbers of priests and candidates for priesthood, which has lowered the recruitment standard and allowed some child molesters to become priest.
- Cc. Keeping rather than dismissing child-molesting priests.
- Dd. The symbolic power that represent being a priest and the opportunity to use it to the more submissive ones.
- Ee. a,b,c.
- FAll of the above
69CHAPTER #7 : SUICIDE
1. How do suicidal people approach suicide ?
What is the 3 types of suicida people ?- AReady
- BPass
702. Who a more likely than others to commit suicide ?
- ASuicide rate are higher among résidents in sparseley than in densely populated areas.
- BAmong blacks than whites.
- CAmong the more religious than the less religious.
- DAmong, women than men.
- EAmong the married than the divorced.
- FAmong younger than older people.
- GAmong the less well-off than among the affluent.
713. What is the social profile of suicide bombers ?
- AThey are mentally disturbed, well-off, and well-educated and mostly young, male, and single. They do not work alone but instead receive significant support from terrorist organizations.
- BThey are ralatively rational, well-off, and well-educated and mostly young, male, and single. They do not work alone but instead receive significant support from terrorist organizations.
724. How are some social situations or experiences conductive to suicide ?
- Aa. The rate of youthful suicide has increased sharply over the last four decades because of declining social integration and control in the teenager's life.
- Bb. College students are also more likely than before to commit suicide not only because of the greater stress in college life but also because of the diminishing support to cope with the stress.
- Cc. Soldiers tend to commit suicicide because of the family problems, reluctance to seek professional help, and keeping their war experiences to themselves.
- Dd. Prison immates are more likely than free citizens to kill themselves because of the tension and stress resulting from the new, unaccustomed experience of confinement and the uncertainty of what will happen to them.
- Ee. HIV-infected patients are more suicidal than those with full-blown AIDS because of the extreme stress rom having suddenly become seriously ill as well as from uncertainty about the outcome of their sickness.
- Ff. Also, suicidal people tend to kill themselves after a celebrity serves as a role model and tends legitimacy to suicide.
- Gg. Also country music promotes suicide by reinforcing the suicidal moods of suicidally inclined listeners.
- Hh. a,b,c,d,e,f.
- IAll of the above
735. How does society respond to suicide ?
- AIn the past was punitives and it still his today.
- BIn the past was sympathetic and is punitive today.
- CIn the past was punitive and is sympathetic today.
746. What is the global pattern of suicide ?
- ADeveloped societies have higher suicide rates than less developed ones, but fast-developing countries in Asia now have higher rates. In the West, high suicide rates are associated with greater equality and freedom, and suicide tends to occur more in the spring and the beginning of the week.
- BDeveloped societies have lower suicide rates than less developed ones, but fast-developing countries in Asia now have higher rates. In the West, high suicide rates are associated with poorer equality and f lack of reedom, and suicide tends to occur more in the spring and the beginning of the week.
757. How do sociologists explain suicide ?
- AAttributes it to mental disturbance of one type or another.
- BSee suicidal person as normal.
76Which theory of the sociological theories to explain suicide are etiological, designed to explain the causes of group differences in suicide rates. Also his original theory suggest that high suicide rates result from either excessive or inadequate social integration and regulation ?
- AClassical Durkheimian theory
- BPhenomenoogical theories
- CA modern Durkheimian theory : Henry and Short's theory
- DPhenomenological theory : Theory of suicidal meanings
- EPhenomenological theory : Theory of suicidal process
77Which theory includes sociological, psychological, and economics factors as causes of high suicide rates ?
- AModern Durkheimian theory: Henry and Short's theory
- BClassical Durkheimian theory
- CPhenomenologiacl theory:Theory of suicidal meanings
- DPhenomenologiacl theory:Theory of suicidal process
78Which theory are nonetiological, focusing on the meanings of suicide and how individual suicides batave in accordante with the meanings. One such theory developed by Douglas, deals with how society and the suicidal person diffère in defining suicide and how the personal meanings imputed to suicide facilitate the process of suicide ?
- AModern Durkheimian theory: Henry and Short's theory
- BClassical Durkheimian theory
- CPhenomenologiacl theory:Theory of suicidal meanings
- DPhenomenologiacl theory:Theory of suicidal process
79Wich theory by Jacobs shows how individuals have to overcome the moral prohibition against suicide through certain experiences, conceptualizations, or rationalizations before they can take their own lives ?
- AModern Durkheimian theory: Henry and Short's theory
- BClassical Durkheimian theory
- CPhenomenologiacl theory:Theory of suicidal meanings
- DPhenomenologiacl theory:Theory of suicidal process
80CHAPTER #8 : MENTAL DISTORDRE
1. What are some popular myths about mental disorder ?
Which affirmation is true- AThe mentally are extremely weird
- BMental disorder is hopeless, mostly incurable
- CA sharp difference exists between "mentally ill" and "mentally healthy"
- DThe mentally ill are mostly crazed and violent.
- EPeople are likely to be depressed in the coldness of winter
- FThe antidepressant drugs can't directly cure depression
- GAustism has become and epidemic
812. What is the traditional classification of mental disorders ?
- Aa. Organic
- Bb. Functional
- Cc. Emotional
- Dd. a,b.
- Ee. a,b,c.
82Which of the categories of the functional disorder is the most debilitating, characterized mostly by being out of touch with reality ?
- ANeurosis
- BPsychosis
- CPersonality disorder
83Which of the categories of the functional distordre is less debilitating, characterized by being constantly fearful or worried about apparently unimportant things ?
- ANeurosis
- BPsychosis
- CPersonality disorder
84Which of the categories of the functional distordre is the least debilitating, characterized by being self-absorbed, antisocial, or nonconformist ?
- ANeurosis
- BPsychosis
- CPersonality disorder
85What is the DSM-IV classification of mental disorders ?
- AOver 300 disorders are listed, each defined as having a set of symptoms. In using DSM-IV, psyhiatrists can determine what mental disorder their patient is supposedly suffering from.
- BThe new realeased on is DSM-V
- CAll of the above
- DNone of the above
86What social factors are involved in mental disorders ?
Which affirmation is false.- AThe lower classes haie higher rates of mental disorder then other classes.
- BWomen are more likely to suffire from depression and anxiety, and men from antisocial personality, paranoia, drug and alcohol abuse disorders.
- COlder people today are more likely than young people to have psychological problems, particularly depression.
- DPuerto Ricans and African Americans are more likely to have sociopathic and paranoid tendencies, and Jewish and Asian Americans tend more to suffer from depressive disorders.
- EUrban areas (neurotic and personnalité disorders) have higher rates of mental illness than rural areas (severe depression).
- FThere is a growing number of war veterans with PTSD, but less than half of them seek treatment.
874. How does mental disorder vary among societies ?
Wich affirmation is false ?- AThere is generally more mental distordre in modern industrial societies than in traditional agricultural societies.
- BSome types of disorder, such as hyperstartle syndrome and anorexia nervosa, appear in all societies.
- CSymptoms of mental disorder may reflect the culture in which they take place; for example, depression often appears as a physical illness in traditional societies where it is shameful to reveal emotional distress.
885. How does society respond to mental disorders ?
- AVery well.
- BBadly.
- CBetter than the past with with a lack of appropriate care.
- DNone of the above
896. What are the current perspectives on mental disorders ?
Which model view mental disorder as similar to a physical disease, attributes its causes to some biological factors, and, therefore, treats it with drugs and other physical means ?- AThe medical model
- BThe psychosocial model
- CBoth
90Which model view of mental disorder including psychoanalytic and social-stress theories, attributes mental disorder to nonbiological factors such as emotional conflict and stressful social experiences ?
- AThe medical model
- BThe psychosocial model
- CBoth
91CHAPTER #9 : HETEROSEXUAL DEVIANCE
1. How does the U.S. society view teenage sex ?- AMost americans consider teen sex acceptable
- BMost americans consider sex unacceptable
- CMost amricans consider tenn sex unacceptable
- DNone of the above
92Do teenagers conform to the society's expectation that they refrain from sex ?
- AYes. Because of the social learning theory and social pressure
- BNo. They are instead more sexually active than before.
93Which groups is more likely to have sex ?
- ALow self-esteem girls and low self-esteem boys.
- BHigh self-esteem girls and high self-esteem boys.
- CLow self-esteem girls and high self-esteem boys
- DNone of the above
942. What are the myths about extramarital sex ?
- AExtramarital sex is more exciting or satisfying than marital sex.
- BPeople have affairs because they are oversexed
- CAll of the above
95How does adultery vary from one culture to another ?
- AReady
- BPass
96Which groups of Americans are more likely than others to engage in extramarital sex ?
- Amen, less religious, higher-income persons
- Bmen, less religious, lower-income persons
- Cmen, more religious, higher-income persons
- DNone of the above
973. What is the profile of swingers ?
- AThey are largely middle-class, white, aged 25 to 45, and somewhat conservative. Not strongly tied to traditional institutions of social control such as religion, family, and community, but they are basically no different from other middle-class couples who do not swing. They claim that swinging improves their marital relations, but this may be true only if they are capable of having sex without any feeling.
- BThey are largely higher-class, white, aged 25 to 45, and somewhat non-conservative. Not strongly tied to traditional institutions of social control such as religion, family, and community, but they are basically no different from other middle-class couples who do not swing. They claim that swinging improves their marital relations, but this may be true only if they are capable of having sex without any feeling.
984. How big is the pornography industry today ?
- AIt has grown to be an enormous industry today, much more profitable than all the Holywood movies distributed in the United States.
- BIt has grown to be an enormous industry today, but still less profitable than all the Holywood movies distributed in the United States.
99What are the effects of pornography ?
- APornography his harmless
- BPornography is harmfull
- CNo consensus, both. But evidence suggests that while the eroûic, nonviolent type of pornography is generally harmless, the violent type is harmful.
1005. Why do some men call phone sex lines ?
- ATo fufill their sexual fantasies
- BTo make emotional connection
101What is dude dancing all about ?
- AIn nude dancing the performer takes off al her clothes and shows customers her genitalia eo encourage them to tip her generously.
- BMost customers are working-class men who expect nude dangers fulfill their sexuel fantasies. The dancers make a relatively large amount of money and find their job disreputable but empowering.
- CAll of the above
1026. What is sexual harassment ?
- AReady
- BPass
103What causes sexual harassment ?
- AAn apparent cause is the threat poser by women to male dominance, which may explain why sexual harassment often occurs in traditionally and heavily male-dominated occupations.
- BThe culture of rape
- CThe women confidence
1047. What are the popular myths about prostitues ?
Which one of those affirmations is true ?- AProstitutes are nymphomaniacs
- BThey are sexually frigid, that they are nasty and hard-hearted or sweet and warmhearted, and that they are mostly drug addicts, afflicted with emotional problems.
- CThey ate not all the same
- DThey include inascending order of status, price, or life quality, streetwalkers, child and adolescent prostitutes, house prostitutes, and call girls.
1058. What kinds of backgrounds do prostitutes comme from ?
- ASame as normal women
- BSocial and psychological difficultés background
- CNone of the above
106What have been the most common reason for becoming prostitutes ?
- AEconomic reasons
- Bfantasies ressons
- CNone of the above
107What is the subculture of prostitution ?
Which affirmation is false- AProstistute believe that they are morally superior to conventional people and that their so-called respectable customers are hypocrites.
- BThey also regard their work as good for society because they compare to the service rendered by a marriage counselor, social worker, or some other helping prefession.
- CThey are ashamed of their profession and don't consider helping in any other ways the society.
1089. Who are the prostitute's coparticipants in prostitution ?
Which coparticipant is an intruder ?- AMadams
- BWhite-collars
- CPimps
- Djohns
109How do conservatrices and liberals want to deal with prostitution ?
- AConservatrices want strong enforcement od antiprostitution laws, believing that prostitution causes many problems, such as crime and disease.
- BLiberals want to legalize prostitution, arguing that legalized prostitution can be more effective controlled and that the very problems currently associated with illegal prostitution will disappear.
- CAll of the above
11010. How does prositution cary from one society to another ?
Which affirmation is true ?- AProstitution in Estearn Europe is more likely than in the West to have resulted from young women being tricked or forced into the skin trade.
- BAsian and Latin American prostitutes are also less likely to have the same experience.
- CIn Asia, prostitution is a small part of the tourist industry, and thrives from abject poverty and patriarchy.
11111. How do various theories view prostitution ?
Which theory claims that prostitution exists because it is encouraged by society's system of sexual morality and prostitution in turn serves the function of strengthening sexual morality ?- ASocial-psychological theory
- BFunctionalist theory
- COppression, empowerment, and polymorphes theries
112Which theory offers 3 factors - predisposing, attracting and precipating factors- to explain why some women are more likely than others to become prostitutes ?
- ASocial-psychological theory
- BFunctionalist theory
- COppression, empowerment and polymorphous theories
113Which theory present different views on the characteristics of prostitution ?
- AFunctionalist theory
- BSocial-psychology theory
- COppression, empowerment, and polymorphes theories
114CHAPTER #10 : DIVERSE LIFESTYLES
1. What are the popular myths about the sexual minority ?
Wich affirmation is the intruder ?- AOne myth is that gay men are effeminate, while lesbians are manly.
- BGay men often molest young children, that gays and lesbians are restricted to either the active or passive role, and that they are mentally ill, have an unsatisfactory sex life, and are obsessed with sex.
- CGay men are manly.
1152. How many gays and lesbians are there in the United States ?
- AAbout 2.5% of the U.S. adults
- BAbout 5% of the U.S. adults
- CAbout 15% of the U.S. adults
116What are some of the characteristics of gays and lesbians ?
- AGay men are more likely than straight men to be sexually active, but the majority of gay men are involved in long-term relationships characterized by power equality between partners.
- BLesbians resemble heterosexual women in having been socialized to desire long-term relationship, in having a comfortable relationship with straights, and in having the desire to be mothers.
- CBut compared with conventional women, lesbians are less likely to pay the traditional female role and less aware of their same-sex orientation during the adolescence.
- DAll are correct answers.
1173. What is "coming out" ?
- AReady
- BPass
118What does the process of coming out entail ?
- AReady
- BPass
119What are the other aspects of the gay and lesbian life like ?
- ADespite the homophobia around them, lesbians and gays manage to live relatively normal, happy lives.
- BThey get along well with their straight parents and children. They date and get married like straights, except that their marriages are nor legally recognized. They are mostly democrates, better educated than straights, and belong to religious organizations as straights do.
- CAll of the above
1204. What are the theories of homosexuality ?
According to winch theory same-sex orientation can be traced to hormones, genes, and the brain ?- APsychiatrist
- BSociologist
- CBiological theories
121According to whom homosexuality is a form of mental illness hat stems from strained parent-son relationships ?
- APsychiatrist
- BSociologist
- CBiological theories
122Who holds the essentialist view of deviant behavior attribute the development of same-sex orientation to cross-gender socialization in childhood, but those who embrace the constructionist view are more interested in studying homophobic reactions to gays and lesbians ?
- APsychiatrist
- BSociologist
- CBiological theories
1235. Do people who do not identify themselves as gays or lesbians engage in same-sex practices ?
- ANo. they don't.
- BSome do. They are called trades, street hustlers, situationals, and bisexuals.
1246. How does homophoboc society "deviantize" gays and lesbians ?
- AReady
- BPass
125What is homophobia and how widespread is it in the United States ?
- AHomophobia is antiguay prejudice and discrimination.
- BThe general public is deeply ambivalent about gays and lesbians.
- CWhile it opposes their lifestyle, it nonethless supports most equal rights fot the sexual minority.
- DAll are correct
126What is the social profile of homophobes?
- ACarying living around gays and lesbians
- BThey are distinguishable from others for being less educated, less well-off, more conservative, and more negative toward racial/ethnic minorities.
127What is the impact of homophobia on the sexual minority ?
- AHomophobia creates some social and pshychological problems for gays and lesbians
- BThere is no impact of homophobia on the sexual minority
1287. How has the AIDS crisis affected gays and lesbians ?
Wich affirmation is false- AThe sexual minority is more likely to practice safer sex now than before.
- BWhen AIDS first emerged in the 1980's however, homophobia grew less intense and same toward AIDS victims became common.
- CToday the general public has become more sympathetic thanks to the favors such as the growing number of heterosexuals afflicted with AIDS and the effort of gays and lesbians to fight the disease for everybody.
1298. What is the nature of the gay and lesbian rights movement ?
Which affirmation is false?- AMost gay organizations were initially service-oriented, counseling gays in trouble or providing them with recreational activities. But in the late 1960's and early 1970's, they became militant, aiming to end antiguay discriminations in all aspects of life.
- BThis did not brought some any victories for the sexual minority, which cooled the militantcy.
- CBecause the outlack of the AIDS crisis led to greater homophobia in the 1980's, some gay activists have become militant again, but the majority have remained moderate, engaging in antihomophobic activities much like any conventional interest group.
1309. What is the condition of homophobia in other countries ?
Which affirmation is false ?- AHomophobia is generally less serious in less affluent societies than in the United States.
- BGays and lesbians are known to have been beaten, raped, imprisoned, and institutionalized. In Russia nearly half of th epopulation say that gays should be executed or isolated. In Zimbabwe and Egypt, gays tend to be beaten and tortured in jail.
13110. Who are the transgenderists ?
- AReady
- BPass
132What are disabled people like ?
- AReady
- BPass
133What is the stigma of disabilities like ?
- A(1) It comes from powerful people
- B(2) It involves stereotyping the disabled as helpless
- C(3) It is expressed through "normal" people's behavior
- DAll of the above
- ENone of the above
13411. Why are more Americans women today stigmatized for being fat ?
- ABecause food consumption has increased and the standard of féminine beauty has gotten thinner.
- BIt hasn't
- CI always been this way
135What consequences does the stigma of fatness bring ?
- ASome if its victims accept the stigma, others reject it, and a huge industry has emerged to help the victims get slim.
- BAll the victims accept the stigma.
136How do the middle-class people overcome the stigma of tattoos ?
- AThe middle-class people don't oversome the stigma.
- BThey overcome the stigma by condemning the condemner, using conventionnel motivations to justify the desire fair tattoos, committing themselves to coventional life, and conforming to conventional aesthetics.
137CHAPER #11 : INTERNET DEVIANCE
1. What is the nature of Internet deviance ?- AReady
- BPass
138There is 2 type of computer deviance : ... ?
- Aa. Disrupting a computer network as a target and using the computer as a tool to commit deviant acts.
- Bb. Seeking easy money online, searching cyberspace for sex, expression hate online
- Cc. a,b.
- Dd. None of the above
1392. What are the characteristics of online identity theft ?
- AReady
- BPass
1403. Why can't the U.S. law against Internet gambling stop it ?
- AOne reason is the global bordeless nature of Internet gambling. Since it is legal to gamble online in foreign countries, Americans who want to gamble can easily visit foreign gaming Web sites.
- BAnother reason for the ineffectiveness of the U.S. law against Internet gambling is the lack of law enforcement agains the gambling Web sites run from within the United States.
- C2 reasons are correct
141What kinds of people are likely to gamble online ?
- ALikely to never had gambled at casinos.
- BRelatively young, incliner to try new things, well educated, willing to bank online, and financially unstable.
- CRelatively young, incliner to try new things, well educated, willing to bank online, and financially stable.
- DLess likely to gamble excessively online than offline
1424. Why do some people engage in cybersex with strangers they meet on the Internet ?
- ABeing anonymous, the ease and convenience of finding online sex partners, being able to share sexual fantasies, the easy availability of online partners for masturbation, and having a real sex with partners that one has met online
- BBeing exclusice, the ease and convenience of finding online sex partners, being able to share sexual fantasies, the easy availability of online partners for masturbation, and avoiding a real sex with partners that one has met online
143What is cyberporn ?
- AIt is sexually explicit material accessible via the Internet. It has bicome very popular today, and many parents fear that their children will be exposed to cyberporn.
- BThere are no ways to block those sites.
144What is the profile of cyberporn sufers ?
- ACyberporn surfers are mostly over 30, married, white, and middle-class men. They have weak ties to religion and suffer from a lack of marital happiness, and they tend to access cyberporn during work hours.
- BConsumers of Internet child porn have about the same demographic backgrounds as porn surfers in general, but they are mostly pedophiles who like to use the porn for masturbation and collection.
- CBoth are correct
- DNone of the above
1455. Are online affairs as real and harmful as traditional offline cheating ?
- ANo.
- BYes.
146Why do some married people have online affairs ?
- AThe reasons are the anonymity of cybercommunication, the convenience of finding partners, and the escapism provided from a stressful life into the fantasy world of being desired by many sex partners.
- BNo comment
1476. Does the Internet encourage the expression of prejudice against minorities ?
- AYes.
- BNo.
148Does the same anonymity encourage the practice of discrimination
- AYes.
- BNo.
1497. Is online stalking less dangerous than offline, face-to-face stalking ?
- AThey can be
- BNo at all
1508. What is the nature of computer hacking ?
- AReady
- BPass
151What is the most striking thing about hacking ?
- AHacking is mostly an adult deviance.
- BHacking is mostly a juvénile deviance.
- CNone of the above
1529. Is cyberterrorism a serious threat to the United States ?
- AYes.
- BNo.
15310. What can global perspective tell us about cyberdeviance ?
- ACyberdeviance is truly global and borderless, taking place in all countries and able to cross national borders with deviants in one country preying on their victims in another.
- BOnline fraud, including identity theft, is by far the least prevalent cyberdeviance in the world.
154CHAPTER #12 : SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE
1. How can illegal drug use be put in proper perspective ?- AReady
- BPass
1552. What are the effects of various illegal drugs ?
- AAs a stimulant, marijuana can produce euphoria, heighten sensitivity, improve perception, and increase appetite. It has even proved beneficial to the very ill. But of used to the point of intoxification, marijuana can impair judgment and memory. it is also additive, and its users are more likely than nonusers to use hard drugs as well.
- BAs a depressant, heroin can soothe pain, axiety, and tension-as well as produce what the user considers to be euphoria. It is highly addictive . Heroin addicts do not necessarily have their health or careers ruined by the drug, but they may suffer both effects if they are not socially privileged and financially successful.
- CAs a stimulant, cocaine sharpens the senses, provides exhilaration, enhances self-confidence, and boost energy. It is also extremely addictive. Crack the cheaper and smokable form of cocaine, is even more powerful and addictive.
- DMeth and roofies are popular drugs, the former a stimulant and the latter a depressant.
- EEcstasy, which makes most of its users feel good and have a better perspective on life, despite government warnings that it is a dangerous drug.
- F0:)
1563. What is the extend of drug use in the United States ?
- AThe United States has the lowest rate of drug use in the world, but most of the drug problems are confined to the lower classes. Drug in U.S. society steadily incresed from 1980's until 1992, when it began to rise among young whites smoking pot.
- BThe United States has the highest rate of drug use in the world, but most of the drug problems are confined to the lower classes. Drug in U.S. society steadily decreased from 1980's until 1992, when it began to rise among young whites smoking pot.
1574. why are intravenous drug users very likely to contract AIDS ?
- AIV drug users are reluctance to take precautions by avoiding the sharing of needles. The reasons for such reluctance include an overwhelming need for immediate drug experience, the user's risk-taking lifestyle, and the bleakness and emptiness of life resulting from grinding poverty.
- BWe don't know
158Does drug use cause crime ?
- AYes
- BNo
- CYes and no
1595. How is drug use related to socioeconomis status ?
Which affirmation is false ?- AUsers of marijuana and powder cocaine are more likely to be relatively affluent, while users of heroin and crack cocaine are more likely to be poor.
- BUsers of meth and roofies seem largely working-class and young.
- CEcstasy users are mostly adults and professionals
160What is the social profile of illegal drug users?
- AIllegal drug users tend to be male and young have drug-using parents and friends, and lack strong ties to social institutions
- BIllegal drug users tend to be male and adult have drug-using parents and friends, and have a strong ties to social institutions
1616. How does a person become a drug user ?
What are the four stages to become a drug user ?- AExperimentation, occasional use, regular use, addiction
- BOccasional use, experimentation, regular use, addiction
1627. What causes drug use and addiction ?
Which theory severe poverty causes the victims to use drugs to fulfill their need for status, to cope with the oppressive realities of poverty, and to gain a sense of purpose in their shattered lives with the easy availability of drugs in their community.- ASocial-psychological theory
- BLindesmith's cognitive association theory
- CCurrie's economic deprivation theory
- DNone of the above
163CHAPTER #14 : PRIVILEDGED DEVIANCE
1. What is white-collar deviance ?- ATraditionally called white-collar crime, white-collar deviance includes both criminal and non-criminal forms of economic deviance carried out by relatively high-status people as part of an occupation for their personal gain (hence occupational deviance) or on behalf of their corporation (hence corporate deviance)
- B:)
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