Untitled

world population growth

• 1800's: population = 1 billion
• 1930: population = 2 billion
• 1960: population = 3 billion
• 1974: population = 4 billion
• 1987: population = 4 billion
• 2000: population = 6 billion
• 2011: population = 7 billion
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reasons for population change over time

• in 1700's: large families, no contraception, agriculture, high infant mortality rates, poor healthcare which resulted in high death rates.
• high birth rates in 1700's due to lack of education- especially of women. also due to high infant mortality rates- women had more children to try and guarantee the survival of some of them.
• discovery of medicines such as penicillin which meant that people could be treated for health problems that they otherwise would've died from. This would decrease the death rate and also lengthen life expectancy.
• the Industrial revolution reduced the death rate because urbanization occurred which allowed the development of healthcare and living conditions also improved which helped prolong life.
• there was a n exponential fall in the birth rate when family planning was introduced (1900's), resulted in smaller families in more developed parts of the world.
• post world war 2 baby boom (1945 onward) - saw an increase in the birth rate however birth rate still remained low.
• late 1900's birth rate has remained very low in developed countries- due to the increased use of technology in farming means there is less demand for children to work on farms, also women are now more educated and also have more knowledge of family planning. with the education of women comes an increase in the amount of women in work, they have children later on in life and have less of them.

population indicators - the DTM

• birth rate: the number of live births per 1000 of the population in a given year
• death rate: the number of people dying per 1000 of the population per year
• fertility rate: the number of live births per 1000 women of reproductive age, usually taken as 15-44 years, in a given year
• infant mortality rate: the average number of children per 1000 born who die in the first year of life
• life expectancy: the average number of years a person is expected to live based on a national average per age group and other factors
• population density: the number of people in a given area. countries/ regions may have either a high or low population density
• stage one of DTM: high birth rate, high death rate, high infant mortality rate, low life expectancy, high fertility rate. poor healthcare, little knowledge of birth control, women aren't educated.
• stage two of the DTM: birth rate still high along with the death rate however lower than stage one. Slightly lower rates of infant mortality and slightly higher life expectancy
• stage three of the DTM: lower birth rate and death rate, lower rates of infant mortality, longer life expectancy

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