psychology- 7 different Studys

1. Peterson and Peterson.

• Aim: To see is STM could work with out rehearsal.
• Method: 24 participants had to recall letters/words. To prevent rehearsal participants had to count backwards in 3's.
• Results: By secs only short amount of letters were recalled.
• Conclusion: If rehearsal is prevented the STM doesn't last long enough.
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2. Murdock

• Aim:To give evidence for the MSM(multi-store memory).
• Method:Participants learnt a list of words presented for 2 secs each. They were then asked to recall the words.
• Results: Words towards the end were recalled first (recency effect), and words at the start were recalled quite well.
• Conclusion: The recency effect shows the last words were in the STM and the first words were in the LTM
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• Caption: MSM cycle

3.Reconstructive Memory - Barlett

• Aim: To see if people change unfamiliar info.
• Method: Participants had to read a book on war of ghosts, then asked to recall weeks later.
• Results:The story changed every time they had to recall it.
• Conclusion: Our memory is influenced by our belief's.
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4. Wynn and Logie

• Aim: To see if the recall of familiar stories changed.
• Method: Uni students to recall details of their first week at uni.
• Results: There accuracy remained the same throughout the study.
• Conclusion: Memories for familiar events will not change over time.
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5. Craik and Lockhart

• Aim: To see if the question asked about words would change on the number of words recalled.
• Method: Participants had a list of words and could only answer yes or no. Some questions required structural processing.
• Results: 70% of words required semantic processing, 35% phonetic and 15% structural.
• Conclusion: The more deeply info is processed, the more likely to be remembered.
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6.Underwood and Postman

• Aim: If new learning interferes with old learning.
• Method: Group A learnt a list of word pairs, Group B only had one list of words to remember.
• Results: Group B could recall their list more accurately.
• Conclusion: New learning will cause people to stop recalling accurately.
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7. Godden and Baddeley

• Aim: To see if context helps to recall better.
• Method:18 divers had to learn words on land, then recall on land, as well as learning underwater and recall underwater.
• Results:50% could recall better where they learnt the info.
• Conclusion: Context does improve recall.
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• Caption: Context