child care

what is family

• a family is the basic unit of society. it's a group of people living together, who are married, or co-habit ( living together), or who are related by birth or adoption. a family provides a secure and stable environment with good role models and appropriate routines, 'encouragement and praise, which develops self-esteem and confidence, love, affection, comfort, communication skills, food, clothing, physical and health care, culture and socialization skills ( babies basic need are met by parents who teach them what is expected of them as well grow. this is known a primary socialization. later, they are influenced by the society they live in.this is known as secondary socialization)
• nuclear family- parent and children live together but other family members live a long distance away
• extended family-parent and children live with or near relative that can help look after the child
• a step family- when one or both parents are re married or co habit with someone else
• one parent- where both parent are not there to care for the child and they only have a mother or a father
• shared care- where child goes between mother and father house. joint decisions made by both parents
• adoptive parent- parent who provide a permanent home for the child

foster and residential

• looked- after children are looked after by the local authority, through social services. this could be the result of a care order or in agreement with the children's parent. looked-after children have a named social worker. there are a number of reason why these children may not be able to live with their birth parents: death or illness, sexual or physical abuse or neglect, of the child has a disability or complex need and if parents need respite care. looked after children are placed with foster families or in a residential care home. placements may be short-term, long-term, temporary or permanent.
• foster families provide long or short term care. carers are checked by social services, and like adoptive parents they come from many backgrounds. they may be members of the child's birth family. after training, foster parents are paid by the local authority when children are placed with them. foster children have social workers who liaise with the foster family and provide support and advice.
• residential care homes provide short- term care for children. they're situated in the local community and small groups of children are looked after by carers in a family type structure. children with severe disabilities and behavioral problems may require long-term care

family structures and roles

• family structures are changing because: unmarried mothers are socially acceptable,co-habitation is socially acceptable, divorce laws are simpler, improved and easily available contraception lets people choose when and how many children they will have,more benefits and support available to sing parents
• roles in family are complicated, especially after divorce, remarriage and co-habitation. working mothers have an affect on family roles. whether your sexual role is decided by nature(your genes) OR NURTURE( the environment you are brought up in)) is debatable. both are influential. stereotyping results from what children see in society and in their home

planning a family

• before having a baby their are question to think about like : fit and healthy, too young or too old, mature enough to accept responsibility, wiling to change lifestyle. and do you have a stable relationship,realistic exceptions of children, support from family and friends, sufficient money to buy equipment, suitable housing want any more children. also ask yourself will you: be able to have an active social life, want to stay at home a look after your baby,mind the baby affect your career, be able to find babysitters and childcare, cope with the demands of the baby, like lack of sleep. babies have a profound and permanent effect on parents lives. parents have to adjust their lifestyles and undertakes a lifelong commitment. children can be a source of joy and pride, and raising them can bring satisfaction them can bring satisfaction and love to a relationship. babies that aren't planned are not necessarily unwanted.
• bad reason for having a baby include wanting to: someone to love or look after,have someone who will love you, improve a poor or difficult relationship, prove you are 'grown up' and mature. other bad reason are: peer pressure, family pressure(parents who want to be grandparents), so that you can leave your job, because you think you are getting too old to wait

contraception

• contraception is the deliberate prevention of pregnancy, by preventing fertilization or implantation of an egg. the contraception people choose depends only personal preferences, religious belief, age, whether a long-term or short term method is needed, health. pregnancy can also be prevented by sterilization. this done by either cutting or blocking the Fallopian tube in women, or the sperm tube in men. emergency contraception is needs after unprotected sex: the morning pill must be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex. it can be prescribed by a doctor or family planning clinic, or brought from a pharmacist, an IUD prevents pregnancy if fitted within 5 day days of unprotected sex, by preventing implantation.
• there are three main natural methods of contraception: NFP ( natural family planning) identifies fertile time in the mestrual cycle. it isn't reliable