Human evoulotion

Early Huamns

Australopithecus Afarensis Info

• Australopithecus Afarensis were the first to be bipedal
• They were not fully bipedal they still swung in trees like chimpanzees
• They became partly bipedal because of the climate change and trees where they lived were dying
• The first one we found was named Lucy
• Lived around 3.85 and 2.95 million years ago in eastern Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania)
• 

Ape features of Au. Afarensis

• Ape like face proportions (flat nose, strongly projecting lower jaw line)
• Brain case (small brains usually 500 cubic cm about 1/3 size of modern human brain)
• Long strong arms with curved fingers adapting to climb trees
• Small canine teeth (like all other early humans)
• Neck that went outwards (homo sapiens necks go straight out
• 

Comparison Of Au. Afarensis to Chimp

Homo Sapiens and Au. Afarensis

• Body stood on two legs (bipedal)
• Regularly walked upright
• adaptations of living in trees and ground helped them live for almost millions of years as climate and enviroment changed
• Human like hip bone and knee joins
• 

Climate Change for Au. Afarensis

• The climate started to fluctuate a lot when species started to evolve
• It became dryer and hotter so there were less trees
• Because of less tree Au. Afarensis became partly bipedal
• Dryer climate and spread of grasslands

Physical and diet

• Males average of 4 ft 11
• Females average of 3 ft 5
• Males average of 92 pounds
• Females average 64 pounds
• Plant based diet. Leaves, fruit, seeds, roots, nuts, insects, sometimes vertebrae like lizards.
• 

2: Homo Habilis The Tool makers

Homo Habilis Info

• Had the nick name of 'Handy Man' or 'Tool Makers'
• Lived in Eastern and Southern Africa
• 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago
• First maker of stone tools
• were fully bipedal and the first to live in huts because climate change was so bad and so many trees were cut down
• They did not hunt (because they were hunted) but were the first to eat meat when a predator would finish eating its meat and would go off they would eat the left over meat and the bone marrow this means they were scavengers
• Homo Habilis means Handy man
• Marked bones of scratches showing that they were being hunted

Ape features of a H. Habilis

• Slightly larger brain case and slightly smaller teeth than Au. Afarensis
• Long arms
• forward face
• strong jaw tooth enamel thick could chew hard foods
• 

Physical and Diet

• Height average of 3 ft 4
• Weight average of 70 pounds
• ate leaves, woody plants, some animal tissues, soft meat (teeth were not strong enough for dry), bone marrow
• 

Human features of H. Habilis

• First to be fully bipedal and walk upright
• Made stone tools
• One of the first Homo species
• Lived in huts
• 

Cliamte

• It became dryer than Au. Afarensis' time and more grasslands
• less trees (started living in huts walked on 2 feet fully)

3: Homo Erectus

Info

• First to move out of Africa (to Asia)
• First to get real human like features and characteristics
• Climate change was the same (getting worse)
• first to use fire
• Lived in Northern, Eastern, Southern Africa, western Asia, and Eastern Asia
• lived between 1.89 million and 143,000 years ago

Human like features

• They were the first to run and hunt (they could do this because they could sweat)
• First to make fires (because of the fires they started to develop some kind of communication not actually talking)
• Because they started to somehow communicate they started to care for each other and care what others think about them
• elongated legs
• shorter arms compared to size of torso
• loss of climbing tree adaptatations (tree climbing adaptations are curved fingers long strong arms)
• Brain case was usually size of the face
• Tall bodies large brain
• 

Ape like features

• Large flat nose
• Some of the face still went outwards for example the brow ridge
• Eyes were larger
• 

Physical and diet

• They ate meat and other protein
• Maybe honey
• Height ranges from 4 ft 9 to 6 ft 1
• Weight Ranges from 88 to 150 pounds

Climate (why they moved)

• Moved because they were following their prey
• The prey was moving because the dryness and spread of grasslands were getting worse and the prey had limited food options
• They did not know when they were following the prey they were going into other countries
• Because most were going into Asia the climate changed

4) Homo Neadrenthalensis

Info

• Bigger brains then Humans
• Closest early human to Homo Sapiens
• If you are from Europe of have a lot of European decent there is a small chance you have Neanderthals DNA
• Lived in Europe, and southwestern to central Asia
• About 400,000 to 40,000 years ago lived
• If they were not extinct they would be our closest relatives but since they are our closest relative are Chimpanzees
• Made and used many tools that were very sophisticated

Human features

• Brains were as big or bigger than ours which were proportional to their bodies
• made and used diverse sophisticated tools
• Made and wore clothes
• lived in shelters
• Controlled fire
• were skilled hunters
• Buried their dead and sometimes marked their grades and gave them flowers
• Started growing hair where other early humans did not for example eyebrows
• 

Ape Features

• Bodies were shorter and stockier than ours an adaptation for living in cold environment
• Large middle part of face
• Angled cheek bones
• huge nose for humidifying and warming the cold dry air
• 

Physical and diet

• Males average height 5 ft 5
• Females height average 5 ft 1
• Males average weight 143 pounds
• Females average 119 pounds
• 

Skeleton of a Human compared to H. N

• 
• Caption: These differences have to do with adaptations of climate

Climate

• Climate was colder because it was the ice age and it was just colder where they live in general
• Because of this they had adaptations to deal with the cold for example big nose to humidify the cold dry air.
• They also had bigger brains because of the cold. For example, they had clothes and tools and controlled fire.
• They also had more hair on their bodies to keep them warmer