Flashcards
Semantics
Cards in this deck (7)
- 1• What is a reference and what is an intension?○ Reference consists out of referent and to refer
§ Referent: Term used for the entity (object, state of affair, etc.) in the external (i.e. extra-linguistic) world
§ Refer: the action of picking out (or identifiying with) words a particular entity in the external world -> used for the speakers action through picking out entities in the world
○ Intension is just the content intself without any referent. Basically the concept, without the reference in mind - 2• What is the difference between denotation and connotation?○ Denotation is the objective description of something without any emotions connected (Example "Twitter" = blue, bird, social media app)
Connotation is connected to subjectivity and emotions (hellhole, arguing and depression) - 3• What is homonymy and what is polysemy?○ Homonymy can be divided into
homophony: sound alike but are written differently and have different meanings
homography: same spelling, different pronounciation, different meaning
○ Polysemy: one word with different meaning
§ "I read the paper in the morning, i need to write a paper, i love colorful paper" - 4• What are hyponymy, synonymy, and meronymy?○ Hyponymy as a hierarchical sense relation:
(plant as the hypernym, tree/flower as the hyponym (they are all heteronyms of each other)
○ Synonymy:
words very closely related in meaning
○ Meronymy:
If the parts are physically connected , part-whole relation - 5• What kinds of antonymy do you know?○ Meanings that are contrastive in one way or another
§ Contradictory/Complemantary -> direct opposites (dead/alive)
§ Polarity/Gradable -> opposites on a continuum (cold/hot, young/old)
§ Converses (from different perspectives (student, teacher, sales clerk/customer)
§ Directional opposites -> go in different directions (up/down, push/pull) - 6• What are metaphors and what are metonymies?○ Metaphors take an foreign idea or concept and apply which is then applied to the a different thing. "Winter is coming"
○ Metonomy: Replacement of an entire group/entity with just one word
§ CNN reported that Donald Trump was suspended
§ Amazon has taken measures to improve working quality
§ Downing street is going through a wild phase. - 7• What does the Prototype Theory claim?
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- Lehramt Flashcards on Semantics, created by Jehan Jasmin on 13/12/2022.
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- Jehan Jasmin
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