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Social Psychology: Under the Influence of Others
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- 1social influencesimpact of other people on one's thoughts, feelings and behaviours - even when alone.
- 2normrule for expected behaviour
- 3social norm: descriptive vs injunctiveDescriptive: perception of what others are doing (i.e. the gym is busy)
Injunctive: 'ought to' statements (i.e. people should be active) - 4personal norm: introjected vs integratedintrojected: I feel guilty when I do not go to the gym
Integrated: I go to the gym because being active is healthy and I am in the habit of going every day after work. - 5introspective illusionmost people falsely believe their behaviour is a result of common sense or logic, underestimating the degree of social influences, because these influences are so subtle and often not detected when being coerced. (no awareness/reaction)
- 6reference group'keeping up with the joneses' ; our modern day reference groups are higher on the socio-eco scale than ever resulting in an increased pressure to spend and consume to keep up. we don't have to know them; they may not even be real to have influence
- 7credibility of the sourceneed for scientific credibility; high social status does not = credibility (i.e. celebrities)
- 8identity: ecological & socialecological: ones experience of self includes being part of the natural world
social: derived from a group - 9in group out groupstereotypes and expectations derive from social identity; the in group is held with more importance and authority
- 10Justice: environmentalenvironmental: fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, color, national origin or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies.
- 11distributed justice vs procedural justicedistributed: environmental resources, access, and problems ought to be distributed equally among different groups.
procedural: the fairness with which environmental decisions are made - 12deep ecologistsother species have just as much right to their place on the planet as human beings
- 13scope of justicenobody has an infinite scope of justice; outsiders are seen as expendable, undeserving, irrelevant.
- 14altruistic valuespeople care about the environment because of its relevance for other humans including children, community, future generations.
- 15norm activation theory of altruismpeople help others when situations elicit their feelings of personal obligation that is, introjected norms. (I feel guilty if I don't help; its uncomfortable to watch someone struggle)
- 16VBN: Values Beliefs Normsintrojected norms; also, people will engage in proenvironmental actions when situations activate personal norms. activation of personal norms depends on ones beliefs about the issue
- 17Pro-environmental attitudes vs behaviours and moral choices...(Krogan and Winter)positive messages - increase attitudes
negative messages - stress attitudes, increase behaviour - 18Theory of Planned Behaviourpredicts that intentions determine proenvironmental behavior, and that attitudes, norms and control determine intentions
- 19subjective normthe perceived social pressure to perform an action. Pressure can be from descriptive/personal norms.
- 20behavioral controlbelieving one has the ability to perform a particularly environmentally relevant action, and believing that action will be successful in accomplishing the intention.
ie Are you capable of change? Do you believe it will truly make an impact? - 21Community Based Social Marketingstrategy for promoting pro-environmental behaviour; focus attention on reducing barriers - encourages community memebrs to learn what specific barriers are preventing people from pro-environmental behaviour and stragetically designing interventions for reducing these
- 22Cognitive Dissonance Theorywhenever one experiences a discrepancy between two thoughts, there is a tension. This tension is uncomfortable and therefore motivates us to take steps to reduce it, either changing a belief or a behavior.
- 23CDT can be used to promote environmentally friendly behaviors with the foot-in-the-door technique...define.fitd: agreeing to a small action increases your likelihood to undertake a bigger one.
i.e. agreeing to have a greenbin in the household may increase your later likelihood of having a compost system - 24materialismaccumulation of wealth and possessions are a basic goal of life.
- 25ecological footprintslifestyle choices regarding food, transportation, and housing reflects ones impact on the environment.
- 26social dilemmaconflicts between personal and group interests
- 27what influences materialism?social norms, reference groups and appeals to egocentric values - advertising, marketing ... brainwashing!
- 28relative deprivationthe sense that one is less well off than others to whom one compares oneself (in media, attractive people, enjoying attractive things)
- 29The 3 strongest predictors of happiness:1. close and supportive relationships
2. positive thinking habits
3. social acceptance and support for ones sense of meaning
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- Beschreibung
- Athabasca 4th year psychology course PSYC 465. This is notes from Unit 4. :)
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- Steph Blyth
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