Karteikarten
Week 1 Study Guide
Karten in diesem Stapel (35)
- 13 Types of Normsfolkways, mores, laws
- 2FolkwaysSimple everyday norms based on custom, tradition, or etiquette
- 3Moresnorms based on broad societal morals whose infraction would generate more serious social condemmation
- 4Lawsstrongest norms supported by codified social sanctions
- 5What is the relationship between crime and deviance?They overlap while they have independent dimensions.
- 6How are people labeled deviant?Through the ABC's of deviance.
- 7What does ABC's of deviance stand forA-attitudes
B-behaviors
C- for conditions; which you acquire from birth - 8Three S's of Stigma AttributionSin, Sick, Selected
- 9What are the four types of deviances?Negative Deviance, Rate Busting, Deviance Admiration, Positive Deviance
- 10Negative DevianceUnderconformity or nonconformity that is negatively evaluated.
- 11Rate-bustingNegative reaction not to underconformity but to overconformity and constitutes the "geek phenomenon"
- 12Deviance AdmirationUnderconformity that is postively evaluated people do not view the actions as right rather they accept the violations of the norms.
Example: Thomas Jefferson, George Washington - 13Positive DevianceDenotes overconformity to the norms that is positively evaluated.
Example: Mother Teresa - 14Interactionist PerspectiveDefines deviance as the infraction of some agreed-upon rule. It is constructed by society's behavior to different actions.
- 15Race and the Labeling Theory-Boys from middle-class areas do not get far in the legal process when they are arrested.
-It is extremely unlikely for white to be convicted and sentence.
- Negros are highly likely to be punished from crimes against white than against other Negros. - 16Consequences of labeling theoryBeing branded as deviant or criminal can have further consequences on social participation, self-image, and public identity.
- 17Master Trait vs. Auxiliary TraitMaster trait: goes through certification, schooling, and/or licensing to master a speciality.
Auxiliary trait: what people expect from a person. - 18What does it take to be labeled a criminal?A single criminal offense.
- 19Absolutist PerspectiveConsider deviance as a simple task, implies that a widespread consensus exists about what is deviant and what is not.
- 20Cultural RelativismWants society to adapt to the changes of our times.
- 21Moral Ordercommon world view that binds people to their families, to their communities, and to the larger economic, and political institutions.
- 22Moral BoundariesWhen society's moral boundaries are sharp, clear, and secure, and the central norms are strongly held, moral panics are less likely.
Ex: In college, moral panics are more likely - 23Moral ConsensusIn order to cope with the implications of the new reality, we must construct hard principles.
- 24Social Power PerspectiveDefinitions of deviance are social constructions and classifies the dominant group as the powerful, decision-makers.
- 25Conflict TheorySuggests that definitions of deviance represent one of the coercive means through which the elite maintain their dominance over the masses.
- 26CrimeCrime as a legal definition of human conduct is created by agents of the dominant class in a politically organized society.
- 27Formulation definitions of crimeDefinitions of crime are composed of behaviors that conflict with the interests of the dominant class.
- 28Applying definitions of CrimeDefinitions of crime are applied by the class that has the power to shape the enforcement and administration of criminal law.
- 29How behavior patterns develop in relation to definitions of crime?Behavior patterns are structured in relation to definitions of crime, and within this context people engage in actions that have relative probabilities of being defined as criminal.
- 30Probability that persons will develop action patterns with high potential for being defined as criminal depends on what?1) structured opportunities
2) learning experiences
3) interpersonal associations and identifications, and 4) self-conceptions. - 31Ideology of CrimeAn ideology of crime is constructed and diffused by the dominant class to secure its hegemony.
- 32Social Reality of CrimeConstructed by the formulation and application of definitions of crime, the development of behavior patterns in relation to these definitions, and the construction of an ideology of crime.
- 33Key focal concerns of every communityDeviance and social reactions
- 34People get pushed into deviance by people's expectations or definitions.True.
- 35People live up to their deviant, criminal labels.True