Karteikarten
Cell Theory
Karten in diesem Stapel (28)
- 1Question: What are the three principles of the Cell Theory?The Cell Theory comprises three principles:
1. All living organisms are composed of cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life.
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells. - 2Question: Who invented the compound microscope, and what are its two main lenses?Zacharias Janssen invented the compound microscope. It has two main lenses:
- Objective lens (close to the object being viewed)
- Eyepiece lens (close to the viewer) - 3Question: Who is credited with the discovery of bacteria, and how did they make this discovery?Anton Van Leeuwenhoek is credited with the discovery of bacteria. He made this discovery by using a microscope inspired by Janssen and examining scrapings from his teeth, where he discovered bacteria, which he called "Animalcules."
- 4: What did Robert Hooke observe when he studied a piece of cork under a microscope?Robert Hooke observed that cork was divided into little chambers, which he named "Cells."
- 5What did Robert Brown discover while studying orchid fertilization under a microscope?Robert Brown discovered the cell nucleus while studying orchid fertilization under a microscope.
- 6Who concluded that all plants are made of cells, and who concluded that all animals are made of cells?Matthias Schleiden (botanist) concluded that all plants are made of cells, while Theodor Schwann (zoologist) concluded that all animals are made of cells.
- 7Who proposed that cells come from pre-existing cells and made contributions to cancer research?Rudolf Virchow proposed that cells come from pre-existing cells and made contributions to cancer research, even though his initial cancer theory was not entirely correct.
- 8—Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
- 9What are cell organelles?organelles are membrane-bound structures found within a cell that perform specialized functions.
- 10What does the term "organelles" mean in relation to cells?The term "organelles" means "little organs," referring to the specialized parts of a cell that have unique jobs to perform.
- 11Name the three components common to all cells.All cells consist of three common components: Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, and DNA.
- 12What is the function of the cell membrane?The cell membrane separates and protects the inside of the cell from its environment. It regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides support and protection.
- 13What is cytoplasm, and what are its main components?Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It consists mainly of water, organic and inorganic compounds, interconnected filaments and fibers, fluid (cytosol), and storage substances.
- 14What is the role of DNA in a cell?DNA is the cell's genetic material, storing genetic information. It facilitates transcription and replication, guiding cell activities.
- 15What is the cytoskeleton, and what does it do in a cell?The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments in the cytoplasm. It maintains cell shape, is involved in cell movement, and provides stability.
- 16What is the function of the cell wall, and where is it found?The cell wall supports and protects plant cells. It is made of porous cellulose and is found in plant cells. Unlike the cell membrane, it does not regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
- 17What is the nuclear envelope, and why does it have pores?The nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell. It is double-membraned and has pores to allow the passage of ribosomes produced in the nucleus.
- 18What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It stores DNA, facilitates transcription and replication, and protects the ribosomes and DNA material inside it.
- 19What takes place in the nucleolus, and what is its structure?The nucleolus is a spherical structure in the cell nucleus. Most cells have 2 or more nucleoli, where direct protein synthesis of RNA occurs. It is also where ribosomes are made and produced.
- 20What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles that produce energy (ATP) from chemicals found in molecules. They are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell.
- 21What is the primary function of chloroplasts, and in which cells are they found?Chloroplasts make energy from light through photosynthesis. They are found in plant cells and contain chlorophyll.
- 22What is the Golgi apparatus involved in, and what does it do in a cell?The Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of the plant cell wall and serves as a packaging and shipping station in the cell.
- 23What is the endoplasmic reticulum, and what are its two types?The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-enclosed passageway for transporting materials, such as proteins synthesized by ribosomes. It has two types:
- Rough ER, with ribosomes attached, makes and modifies proteins.
- Smooth ER, with no ribosomes, makes lipids. - 24What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?Lysosomes are known as the "garbage collectors" of the cell. They contain digestive enzymes, aid in cell renewal, break down old cell parts, digest invaders, and trigger cell apoptosis (cell suicide).
- 25What do vacuoles store, and where are they most common?Vacuoles are membrane-bound storage organelles. They commonly contain water, food, and waste. They are most common in plant cells and provide shape and rigidity to plant cells while aiding in digestion, excretion, and storage.
- 26What are centrioles, and what role do they play in cell division?Centrioles are structures within the centrosome organelle. They give rise to spindle fibers during cell division, playing a role in organizing microtubules and cell division.
- 27What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?Ribosomes are intercellular structures made of RNA and are non-membrane-bound organelles. They are involved in protein synthesis and can be found floating freely in the cell's cytoplasm or embedded within the endoplasmic reticulum.
- 28What role does the centrosome play in a cell?centrosome plays a major role in organizing microtubules and cell division.
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- Biology Karteikarten am Cell Theory, erstellt von Celestia Lundenberg am 10/09/2023.
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- Celestia Lundenberg
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