Karteikarten
Language terms
Karten in diesem Stapel (28)
- 1Referentialutterances that provide information have a referential meaning.
- 2Expressiveutterances that explain how the speaker is thinking and feeling.
- 3Transactionala conversation where something is achieved, could be a gain of information. an example would be asking for directions.
- 4Interactionalthe main difference between transactional and international is that the main emphasis is on the social relationship for interactional.
- 5Phaticis most commonly referred to as small talk. where nothing is really achieved through the conversation other than a possible development of the relationship between the participants.
- 6Speaker identityA speakers identity can be affected by a multitude of different things, such as the socio-economic background, the social class, the dialect, the regional origin, the gender, the age, the placement of the individual in the social group or the individuals occupation.
- 7Contextcontext is the surrounding information of the specific instance.
- 8context (audience)the people being addressed in the conversation, because difference in social class or stature within the group can lead to thing being interpreted differently throughout the group and can also affect what is acceptable for certain members of the group to say.
- 9context (Setting)the setting affects the language used mainly because it affects the formality of the situation.
- 10context (Topic)the subject that is being discussed affects the vocabulary as the level of knowledge and passion the speaker has will affect the Lexis of the situation.
- 11context (Purpose)the purpose of the conversation can affect the language used as the language used in a transactional conversation would be different to that of a interactional conversation.
- 12Lexis (vocabluary)vocabulary refers to the words used in a conversation. it is less formal in spoken language than written because of the apparent absence of grammar and punctuation as they are interpreted through body language and the individual speaking.
- 13Lexis (phatic expression)things like "hello" and "how are you" that offer little development in conversation.
- 14Lexis (dialectic expression)these can only be understood in specific conversations.
- 15grammarspontaneous speech is not arranged into neat sentences, therefore it can be difficult to locate grammar points in in.
- 16grammar (interrupted constructions or false starts)when one construction is abandoned in favour of another.
you could have - you
I think should have told me. - 17disjointed constructionswhen speech is broken up that cannot be replicated in writing
how knows a lot about computers... how to fix them. - 18incomplete constructionsfound only in speech, notably in sports commendation or advertisements.
McGregor Aldo- McGregor vs Aldo
England Scotland- England vs Scotland rugby world cup - 19non-standard grammarnon standard English grammar
we was late for the bus - 20non fluency features (Fillers) (filled pauses)words or phrases or sounds that give the speaker a chance to think about what they want to say without giving up the speaking role.
errr.... ummmm...
you know... like....
sort of like..... i mean..... - 21repartitionsrepartitions of a single word or a group of words
- 22false startschanging from one grammatical construction to another. when someone starts speaking and they stop and change what they said, as if they were starting again.
- 23adjacency pairsa two part exchange that follows a predictable pattern.
an apology sorry- its ok
greeting dad- yeah - 24topicswhat is being talked about in the conversation, and it gives coherence and structure to the conversation. it sets a predicted pattern for the conversation.
- 25repairsa repair for a mistake made in the conversation. the most common repair is when the speaker corrects them self. alternatively another member of the conversation can correct them and take the opportunity to take the speakers role.
- 26feedback (back channelling)where a listener of the conversation will say words like ok, yeah and uh huh. it shows the reader is interested and responsive.
- 27non verbal responsesnodding, smiling and making eye contact. show that the listener is paying attention and involved despite not speaking.
- 28conversation ending sentence.a conventional closing sentence would involve a reason for leaving and a form of phatic talk such as goodbye.The last words are often farewells and this is done ritualistically and universal in most conversations where a position of power is not at stake. they can usually be precursor by pre-closing signals.
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- AS - Level English Karteikarten am Language terms, erstellt von katie.wooton149 am 19/01/2016.
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