Karteikarten
Glossary
Karten in diesem Stapel (46)
- 1Age PatriarchyThe power which adults exert over children
- 2AgeismThe offensive exercise of power through reference to age
- 3AnomieA state of normlessness or uncertainty about how to behave in a situation where there is rapid change in society
- 4Anti-School SubcultureA group within a school that have their own norms and values usually in opposition to the dominant values of the school organisation
- 5Capitalist SocietiesSocieties based on the private ownership of wealth where production of goods and services is undertaken by workers for wages and organised by capitalists investing wealth
- 6Communist SocietyA society where the means of production are shared between all members of the community and resources are used for the common good rather than private gain
- 7ConceptsTerms used by sociologists to analyse and classify things which they observe in society. Concepts are the building blocks of sociological theories
- 8Concrete CeilingSimilar to the concept of the glass ceiling but suggests that barriers to promotion in employment for women and minority groups are much tougher to break through than is proposed by the glass ceiling and that even promotion to middle management is restricted
- 9Conflict TheoriesIdeas about society which regard society as being based on inequality rather than equality and consensus
- 10Consensus TheoriesTheories in sociology which see society as based on shared values
- 11Cultural SeparationA widening gap between two groups and their norms and values ,e.g. between youth and elderly
- 12DesensitisationThe process by which people are repeatedly exposed to stimuli such as violent media images and, as a result, have a diminished emotional response to those stimuli
- 13Disengagement TheoryA functionalist view that the elderly are slowly withdrawn from responsibilities and roles such as work to help maintain social stability
- 14False Class ConsciousnessConcept in Marxist theory which refers to situations in which a working class adopt the perspective of the ruling class in society and do not, therefore, struggle against their oppression
- 15FeminisationRefers to changes in the nature of employment that have resulted in the increased presence of women in the workplace. It is proposed that this change has been brought about by a number of factors including de-industrialisation, a shift to an economy with a larger tertiary (service) sector containing jobs that require 'soft skills' such as communication and the influence of feminism
- 16FeminismA political movement and group of sociological theories which sees women as unequal to men and which tires to liberate women from gender inequality
- 17Folk DevilRefers to a member of a deviant group which is seen as posing a threat to the social order
- 18FunctionalismA sociological theory which focuses on the functions performed by different parts of society and the interrelationship between them
- 19Glass CeilingConcept that suggests that women and minority groups experience an unacknowledged, discriminatory barrier that prevents them from moving up the promotion ladder in employment to reach the higher positions
- 20HegemonyTerm used by Marxists to describe a situation in which the ideas and world - view of the dominant class are presented in such a way that they are accepted by other classes as 'common sense' and the only sensible way of seeing the world. Any groups who present an alternative view are seen as deviant and, therefore, are marginalised in society
- 21HomogenousA group or a society with individuals that are all the same, sharing the same norms and values
- 22Hybrid IdentitiesFormed from mixing aspects of two or more identities thereby creating a new identity. Such identities tend to be created within a society that is culturally diverse
- 23Ideological State ApparatusRefers to agencies, such as education and the media, which spread the ideology of the ruling class and justify their dominance
- 24IdeologySet of values, ideas and beliefs that represent the outlook of a social group. Ideological beliefs justify the social position of the upper classes and fail to accurately reflect the nature of society. It is a concept used by Marxists to describe the distorted viewpoint put across by the ruling class that results in a state of false class consciousness for the working class
- 25Institutionally MarginalisedSocieties' institutions pushing some individuals/groups out of society ,e.g. compulsory redundancy
- 26InterpretivismAn approach to sociology which focuses on the meanings and interpretations individuals and groups develop in understanding the social world
- 27Macro TheoriesTheories which focus on understanding society as a whole and the relationship between parts of society
- 28MarxismA sociological and political theory deriving from the ideas of Karl Marx which sees all societies developing trough class struggles until the final emergence of communist society
- 29MeritocracyA social system in which people receive rewards, such as higher pay or promotion on the basis of merit or ability
- 30MetanarrativesBroad overarching theories which try to explain how society works and the nature of social change, e.g. Marxism and Functionalism
- 31Micro TheoriesTheories which focus on looking in detail at individuals and small groups and how they interact within society
- 32ModernityA period in the development of human societies in which traditional ways of thinking began to be questioned and replaced by science and belied in progress. Modernity is also associated with the rise of machine technologies and mass production of goods
- 33Moral PanicA groundswell of public concern about an overstated or imaginary threat to society's norms and values. A moral panic is stimulated by sensationalised reporting in the media
- 34Neo MarxistsDevelop the ideas of Karl Marx, who stated that the economy shapes society, placing greater emphasis on the role of ideas in shaping society
- 35New RightThinks are a group of academics, politicians and other public figures who believe traditional ideas are important and that the individual should take responsibility for themselves rather than the state. This set of ideas has had considerable influence on the media and policies
- 36PatriarchyMale dominant society
- 37PostmodernityAn era after modernity which some writers claim we are now moving into. Postmodern society is seen as diverse and moving in many directions simultaneously meaning the idea of society progressing in one direction is no longer relevant
- 38Sensitising EffectThe process of becoming increasingly aware of, or sensitive to, an image, film or other media product
- 39Social Action TheoriesTheories which seek to understand the meanings individuals give to their actions and their subjective interpretations of the social world
- 40Social ClosureTerm first used by Max Weber to describe the way that groups maintain their power and resources by establishing boundaries based on shared norms, values and status that exclude others from membership of the group. Shared norms, values and status often stick together in order to maintain their advantage in society
- 41StatusConcept associated with Max Weber that refers to a social division based on socila power. It refers to how highly-respected an individual or group is in society or in their community in terms of levels of honour and prestige that may be separate from economic position
- 42Structural TheoriesTheories which see society as a structure which influences individuals to behave in orderly and patterned ways
- 43Supermarket of stylePostmodernists idea youths can choose from different fashions, musical tastes and identities in the same way as supermarket shoppers are offered numerous choices
- 44Weberian TheoriesTheories deriving from the ideas of the sociologist Max Weber
- 45ValuesBeliefs and ideas that society see as important and that are accepted by the majority of society
- Respect
- Obediance - 46NormsExpected patterns of behaviour that are based on the values of a culture
- Wear uniform
- Eat with a knife and fork
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- AS - Level Sociology Karteikarten am Glossary, erstellt von Freya Vincent am 26/01/2016.
- Erstellt von
- Freya Vincent
- Aufrufe
- 1
- Bewertung