Karteikarten
Sociology
Karten in diesem Stapel (19)
- 1Functionalism-Classical sociological theory, first emerged in 19th century
-Emile Durkheim was influential early functionalist
-Structural (macro) and consensus theory
-Focuses on social harmony and social agreement and how social order is achieved
-say society have shared values, and is stratified (unequal) on e.g. class lines. - 2Organic Analogy-Harmonious whole (the organic analogy) like a body, all parts work together to form a whole
-Each part has a specialised role, contributes to overall wellbeing and benefits ‘the whole’
-Assume that society has certain needs or ‘functional prerequisites’ - 3Talcott Parsons-Prominent supporter of functionalism
-Argued that we all have a shared value
system
-Shared values result in general agreement (consensus) on what is valued and how things are ranked within system.
-If you perform a role that is highly socially valued, will be ranked highly and will also receive higher rewards – money, status, power. - 4Functionalism StrengthsLooks at society as a whole so therefore gives full perspective and can make the link between social structures social behaviour
- 5Functionalism DrawbacksFails to explain conflict effectively and also changes within society
- 6Marxism-Macro (structural) and conflict theory
-Looks at 'infra' and 'super' structures
-To survive, must have food and materials
-Production = social enterprise
-People enter social relationships with others to obtain/produce items
-FOP= technology, raw materials, knowledge (influences relations of production)
-MOP= bits of FOP that can be owned - 7Marxism on Class-Class based on ownership of MOP
-The employer-employee relationship is exploitive. Workers not free – are forced to work for capitalists in order to survive.
-Ruling Class Ideology – ruling classes are powerful and control the MOP and control political power.
-Class is fundamental to Marx's ideas
-Class= social group whose members share same relationship to MOP
-Same classes tend to develop similar consciousness, similar interests/tastes
-argues that all stratified societies, two main social groups – ruling class and subject class - 8Marxism on Class cont-The power of the ruling class from ownership & control of the MOP
-Ruling class need working class for labour and working class need ruling class for a wage
-Need for a wage allowed ruling class to exploit workers - 9Marxism StrengthsStrong in analysis of inequality and draws attention to exploitation of subject class by ruling class.
- 10Marxism DrawbacksSays that class relies only on the relationship to the MOP i.e. economics. It ignores other issues such as gender or ethnicity.
- 11Functionalism on Education-Argue that education has a positive effect on society.
-Contributes to value consensus and therefore to social order, social solidarity and social cohesion
-Education system is one of societies social institutions and it is an agent of socialisation
-Secondary Socialisation occurs in schools and further education/workplaces etc.
-We learn social norms and values through socialisation - 12Durkheim on Education-Major function of education is
transmission of norms and values.
-within societies is essential that there was similarities, and if none of ‘essential similarities’ social life would be impossible.
-For societies to work together, people need to feel a apart of community,
-Argued that Education can provide link between individuals and society. - 13Durkheim on Education cont.-Teaches individuals skills necessary for future occupations.
-Is important in industrial society with complex and specialised division of labour.
-Pre-industrialised society meant skills were past on parent to child, but now industrialised, education is necessary for skills to be maintained - 14Criticism of Durkheim-Assumes societies have shared culture that can be transmitted through the education system, countries such as Britain are not multicultural and it is therefore debatable whether there is a single culture on which schools could base their curriculum.
- 15Strength of FunctionalismTheorises links between the education system and other social systems well.
- 16Marxism on Education-Argue that education serves the interests of powerful at expense of less powerful.
-Argue that education helps maintain and privilege and wealth of the powerful.
-The education system benefits the capitalist system.
-not there to create fairness/equality and working classes have suffered - 17Marxism on Education cont.-Spoke about economic base influencing and shaping the superstructure
-Education is key part of this structure. It ‘trains’ the working classes to be compliant, accept place in the hierarchy through the hidden curriculum.
-The hidden curriculum is to prepare working classes to keep the capitalist going thereby advantaging the ruling class. - 18Strengths of MarxismLinks wider social structure with education and educational achievement.
- 19Drawbacks of MarxismFocuses only on social class, so other factors such as gender & ethnicity are overlooked
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- HNC Social Sciences (Graded Unit Prep) Karteikarten am Sociology, erstellt von Ailsa Knox am 26/04/2016.
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- Ailsa Knox
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