Karteikarten
Attention
Karten in diesem Stapel (13)
- 1Attention isthe taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form (James, 1890)
- 2We collect informationabout our external world persistently and effortlessly
- 3Purpose of attentionAll sensory information goes into a buffer where its low level features are analysed. This information is stored for a few seconds whilst a decision is made.
- 4Process of attentionsensory input -> sensory memory -> attention -> STM -> encoding -> LTM
Retrieval from LTM to STM. - 5Sensory memory storeholds information long enough to be processed for basic physical characteristics. Has a large capacity but very limited duration (3 seconds for visual, 2 seconds for verbal)
- 6Sensory memory: Sperling experimentspresented a set of consonants for 50 ms and asked participants to report as many as possible. Ps only recalled half the letters.
In the second test Ps only had to recall 1 line, recall was almost perfect therefore people must have access to this sensory information. - 7This suggests thatsensory memory forms automatically without attention or interpretation. Attention is needed to transfer information to the STM.
- 8Cocktail party effectcan be explained by the sensory memory.
Phenomena of focusing on one conversation whilst filtering out a number of others. - 9Investigated using a dichotic listening taskTwo messages played, one in each ear. Participants were asked to repeat on of them. Allows experimenters to work out how much information is processed.
Listeners acquire almost nothing from the unattended stream. - 10People didn't noticea difference in language (German v. English) or a change from male to female voice, or a difference in volume.
- 11We don't process semanticswhich are mainly physical aspects of a stimulus. However sometimes information such as one's name does brake through (although if we don't process semantics this doesn't explain why we process our own name).
- 12Bottleneck theory of early selective attention (Broadbent 1958)Suggests in order to prevent an overload of internalised information and hitting the capacity limits for transmission, processing and storage: the sensory system allows us to focus on what we are interested in and ignore the rest.
- 13Bottleneck is immediatelyafter the sensory store and can account for our failure in awareness of unattended information, but not for semantic breakthrough
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- Karteikarten am Attention, erstellt von lauradavies94 am 12/04/2014.
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