Karteikarten
research methods - experimental methods
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1What are you experimental methods?- Laboratory
- Field
- Natural - 2What is a Laboratory experiment?its where the IV is deliberately manipulated by the experimenter. these investigations usually take place in an artificial stetting so that the experimenter has full control over any extraneous variables.
- 3What are the advantages to Laboratory experiments?- high control over variables (can draw conclusions about cause and effect)
- easy to replicate (due to the high level of standardised procedures. this means the experiment can be replicated to discover if the results are reliable. - 4What are the weaknesses to Laboratory experiments?- can lack ecological validity (because of the high degree of control, it can be difficult to generalise the results to other settings.
- can lack experimental validity ( demand characteristics or experimenter effects may occur reducing experimental validity)
- possible ethical issues - e.g. deception - 5What are field experiments?it involves the IV being deliberately manipulated by the experimenter. They can take place in the participants natural environment. there is some control over extraneous variables.
- 6What are the advantages to field experiments?- improved ecological validity
- reduction of demand characteristics. - 7What are the weaknesses of field experiments?- difficult to replicate mean it is difficult to establish if results have reliability.
- less control over variables than lab experiments
- possible ethical issues, e.g. consent, deception, invasion of privacy - 8What is a natural experiment?the iv has not been manipulated but instead occurs naturally. there tends to be very little control over extraneous variables. and they take place in an natural environment.
- 9what are the advantages of a natural experiment?- High ecological validity
- few demand characteristics
- investigate situations not usually possible due to impracticality reasons. - 10What are the disadvantages to natural experiments?- very little control over variables
- very hard to replicate
- possible ethical issues .e.g consent, deception, invasion of privacy - 11What is a experimental design?is the way in which we use our participants in experimental research
- 12what are the 3 experimental designs we use?- repeated measures
- independent groups
- matched pairs - 13What is 'repeated measures'?Where the same participants are used in each condition
- 14What are the advantages to repeated measures?- no participant variables
- fewer participants are required than when using other designs - 15What are the disadvantages of repeated measures?- order effects (boredom, practise, fatigue)
- Demand characteristics more likely
- different tests/materials may be required for each condition - 16What is 'independent groups'?different participants are used in each condition
- 17What are the advantages of independent groups?- no order effects
- lower risk of demand characteristics
- same test/materials can be used - 18What are the disadvantages to independent groups?- participant variables
- more participants are required than in repeated measures design - 19What is 'matched pairs' design?different participants are used in each condition but participants are matched on on variables deemed relevant to the experiment.
- 20What are the advantages to match pairs?- fewer participant variables
- no order effects
- lower risk of demand characteristics
- the same tests/materials can be used in all conditions - 21What are the disadvantages to matched pairs?- participant cannot be matched on every level therefore some participant variables
- matching is difficult and time-consuming
- more participants are required than in repeated measures design.