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socialisation

niamh bergin Sociology A level Englisch 70 Karten

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  1. 1define socialisationthe process of learning the norms and values of society
  2. 2what is the nature vs nurture debategenes vs upbringing
  3. 3what is naturethe characteristics your born with (genes)
  4. 4what is nurturethe characteristics your given in socialisation
  5. 5its hard to prove how much of your behaviour is natural/biological and how much is learned why ?because most people are brought up by their biological parents
  6. 6define primary socialisationthe period of a person's life in which they initially learn and build their selves through experiences and interactions around them when they are young
  7. 7what years in a persons life does primary socialisation take place ?the early years of life - ages 0 - 5
  8. 8in primary socialisation we are normally in intimate and prolonged contact with who?our family
  9. 9our family play a key part in teaching us basic what ?norms and values
  10. 10one way children learn from their parents is through what ?imitation - for example, they may copy the way they talk
  11. 11children will see their parents as what ?role models and they will model their behaviour on that of their parents
  12. 12children will also learn what is acceptable by a process of what ?trial and error
  13. 13parents apply what to behaviour to show whether it is desirable or notsanctions
  14. 14there are positive sanctions ( praise) or negative sanctions (telling-off) this is a form of what ?social control
  15. 15our family also make an important contribution to our what ?identity
  16. 16define secondary socialisationthe continuation of learning what is the appropriate behaviour as a member of a smaller group within the larger society
  17. 17define agencies of socialisationgroups or institutions that play a part in our socialisation - through which we learn the norms and values of society
  18. 18give examples of agents of socialisaiton- family
    - peer group
    - education
    - media
    - religion
    - workplace
  19. 19SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: PEER GROUP: peers are those of a similar age group - included your friends but wider than this - what years are the peers the most importantschool years - ages 5-18
  20. 20SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: PEER GROUP: an individual will learn a lot about acceptable behaviour from peers because of the desire to what ?'fit in' known as conformity
  21. 21SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: PEER GROUP: it may be that peers become more influential than who during these school years ?family
  22. 22SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: PEER GROUP: within peer groups there are often what ?hierarchies
  23. 23SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: PEER GROUP: peer groups can also be a source of what?rebellion
  24. 24SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: PEER GROUP: SKELTON AND FRANCIS (2003): looked at peer groups in primary schools - found play was very what ?gendered
  25. 25SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: PEER GROUP: LEES (1993 / 1997): looked at pressure put on teenage girls by peers - for example, how what are applied to girls' and boys' sexual behaviour ?? (give example)double standards
    for example, how the term slag is used to control girls' behaviour
  26. 26SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: PEER GROUP: HARRIS (1998): looked at the comparative influence of parents and peer groups concluding what ?the peer group can be more influential than the family in shaping children's identities
  27. 27SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: PEER GROUP: HARRIS (1998): peer pressure is an important influence on behaviour - she points out peer groups don't push they pull - what does she mean ?an individuals desire to conform is a stronger influence than the peer group's overt pressure/bullying
  28. 28SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: PEER GROUP: SEWELL (2000): uses the concept of 'cultural comfort zones' to describe whata way in which like to associate with those who are similar to ourselves - to stay in our comfort zones
  29. 29SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: EDUCATION: at school everyone learns the formal curriculum - this will be based on what and reflects what ??the language and culture of society and reflect its values
  30. 30SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: EDUCATION: sociologists argue we also learn the informal curriculum - also known as what ?the hidden curriculum
  31. 31SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: EDUCATION: what is the hidden curriculumthis is all the other norms and values you are learning at school outside of your formal lessons
  32. 32SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: EDUCATION: teachers are the main people who pass on these norms and values and you will also learn about what ?your own place in society by the way they interact with you
  33. 33SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: EDUCATION: BOWLES + GINTIS (marxist) (1976) : the hidden curriculum exists but did not think that it was just about learning shared norms and values - they argued the education system was a 'giant' what?' myth-making machine"
  34. 34SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: EDUCATION: BOWLES + GINTIS (marxist) (1976) : this 'giant myth-making' machine brainwashed children through the hidden curriculum into what ?the obedience and unquestioning attitude that they would need in the world of work
  35. 35SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: EDUCATION: BOWLES + GINTIS (marxist) (1976) : pupils are taught to accept their place in society, believe that their achievements and failures are of their own making and that everything is what ?fair and based on merit
  36. 36SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: EDUCATION: BOWLES + GINTIS (marxist) (1976) : so bowles and gintis see the hidden curriculum and the socialisation that takes place in the education system as very significant but not what ?good for the majority
  37. 37SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: MEDIA: this is arguably the most important source of secondary socialisation - use of the media has exploded with new forms of media such as ...the internet, films and magazine
  38. 38SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: MEDIA: one way we may be socialised by the media is through its representation of what ?different social groups which may influence our views
  39. 39SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: MEDIA: give an example of how we can be socialised through the representation of different social groupsfor example, women are represented in very stereotypical ways according to feminists sociologists - this may affect the way we judge women or affect women themselves and their own self-image
  40. 40SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: MEDIA: MULVEY (1975): uses the concept of what to describe how the camera in films 'eyes up' female characters, encouraging viewers to assess their bodies + attractiveness from a male perspective'male gaze'
  41. 41SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: MEDIA: an area of concern often expressed is the media influence on what ?violence in society
  42. 42SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: MEDIA: the media is seen to influence culture, some argue it has created what culture ? - where we are encouraged to buy products based on celebrity endorsements or association with a particular lifestyleconsumer culture
  43. 43SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: MEDIA: YOUNG (2007) : argues that media is partly responsible for criminality - argues media has created a what ?'bulimic society'
  44. 44SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: MEDIA: YOUNG (2007): what is a bulimic society ?a society with constant hunger and desire to binge on everything and anything
  45. 45SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: MEDIA: YOUNG (2007): the bulimic society is one in which even those with little money are "hooked on nike, gucci etc, watching 11 hrs of tv per day - worshipping success, money, wealth and status but at the same time are.." what??'systematically excluded from realisation"
  46. 46SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: MEDIA: YOUNG (2007): it is a culture of 'get rich or die trying' - when too often only the latter alternative is available - this can explain criminality - among who?youths from deprived backgrounds
  47. 47SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: RELIGION: the importance of religion as an agent of socialisation is in decline for many of us - why ?as many sociologists argue the UK is becoming more secular - which means less religious
  48. 48SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: RELIGION: it could be argued many of our norms and values in the UK - including laws, morals and customs, are based on what religion?Christian
  49. 49SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: RELIGION: attitudes towards and laws relating to what kind of issues issues, are all influenced to an extent by religious views.- divorce
    - homosexuality
    - murder
    - abortion
    - euthanasia
  50. 50SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: RELIGION: in what kind of society will religion influence some groups more than others ?a multi-faith society
  51. 51SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: RELIGION: MODOOD + BERTHOUD (1997): surveyed young people and found that 67% of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis saw religion as what compared to 5% of white british youths'very important'
  52. 52SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: RELIGION: MODOOD + BERTHOUD (1997): individuals brought up in a for example, muslim, hindu or sikh family may feel that religion is a very important influence on their what ?norms and values
  53. 53SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: RELIGION: MODOOD + BERTHOUD (1997): Many christian congregations in the UK are now made up of many people of African-Caribbean and also Eastern European descent - so what can be said about religion as an influenceso the decline of religion's influence in the UK is not universal
  54. 54SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: WORKPLACE: a key agent of socialisation for adults rather than children, the concept of what ? has been used to refer to the new set of norms an individual will learn when they start a new job'resocialisation'
  55. 55SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: WORKPLACE: socialisation can split into formal and informal - formal socialisation in the workplace will be in the form of what ?- code of conduct
    - acceptable dress codes
    - behaviour
    - other expectations
  56. 56SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: WORKPLACE: formal socialisation will be enforced by formal sanctions - give examples of sanctions (+positive sanctions)- formal warnings / being fired
    - positive = 'employee of the month' / promotion / pay rise
  57. 57SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: WORKPLACE: what term has been used to describe the set of norms and values that people who work in a particular organisation will be socialised to accept - so that certain language, behaviour and attitudes become the norm'canteen culture'
  58. 58SECONDARY SOCIALISATION: WORKPLACE: 'canteen culture' has been used in a critical way to describe the culture of racism within the police whereby even individual police officers who are not racist will start thinking and behaving in ways that are why?as they socialised into the canteen culture of the police force
  59. 59define social controlthe enforcement of conformity on individuals - the way our behaviour is controlled
  60. 60the agencies of socialisation can also be seen as mechanisms of social control - behaviour is controlled and reinforced by what ?sanctions
  61. 61what are formal mechanisms social controlsocial control by the gov, laws/ legal system/ courts/police/military
  62. 62via the passing and enforcement of legislation, how do these institutions control the behaviour of the populationdirectly and explicitly
  63. 63though not traditionally seen as a formal agency of social control, education also has a formal element to its control - howwith legal requirements in terms of attendance and behaviour codes
  64. 64similarly, the workplace can also be a mechanism of formal social control in terms of what ?official disciplinary procedures and codes of conduct
  65. 65religion may also operate in a more formal way within some families and communities - how ?sanctions imposed by a religious organisation - for example expulsions or public condemnation, may operate formally to control behaviour
  66. 66formal social control is what ?explicit and obvious
  67. 67sanctions used by formal mechanisms of social control include ...- warnings from police
    - sentences from court
    - dismissal from work
    - exclusion from school
  68. 68what are informal mechanisms social controlpeer group, family, media , religion, education and work place (subtle)
  69. 69informal mechanisms control our behaviour more what ?subtly
  70. 70what are the different types of sanctions informal social control may included ?- socially excluding a person from a peer group
    - disappointed reactions from parents
    - being passed over for promotion at work
    - celebrities being criticised in magazines

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Beschreibung
A level Sociology (culture, socialisation and identity) Karteikarten am socialisation, erstellt von niamh bergin am 16/10/2017.
Erstellt von
niamh bergin · Okt 2017
Aktualisiert
8 Mär 2018
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