Karteikarten
Spoken Language Acquisition Terms
Karten in diesem Stapel (33)
- 1Universal grammar or linguistic universalsThe explanation that all world languages share the principles of grammar despite surface differences in lexis and phonology.
- 2Consonant cluster reductionA type of deletion that involves removing consonants (ch isn't a consonant cluster but chr is. It must be at least 2 consonant sounds).
- 3DeletionThere are 3 different forms: straightforward deletion, consonant cluster reduction and deletion of unstressed syllables. All involve removing sounds from a word.
- 4Deletion of unstressed syllablesWhen a syllable is missed off e.g: nana for banana.
- 5AdditionAdding on extra sounds to create that consonant vowel pattern e.g: mama
- 6Straightforward deletionWhere one sound is missed off e.g: ca for cat.
- 7AssimilationWhen one consonant or vowel is exchanged for another that's typically used within the same word e.g: gog for dog.
- 8SubstitutionSwapping one sound for another e.g: gog for dog.
- 9Which consonant sounds are acquired by the age of 24 months?p, b, m, d, n, w, t
- 10Which consonant sounds are acquired by the age of 30 months?k, g, h, ŋ
- 11Which consonant sounds are acquired by the age of 36 months?f, s, j, l
- 12Which consonant sounds are acquired by the age of 42 months?tʃ, dʒ, v, z, ʃ, r
- 13Which consonant sounds are acquired by the age of 48+ months?ð, ʒ
- 14Vegetative stage0-4 months
Phonological development begins. The child will learn to recognise its mother's voice, their own name and show a preference for their native language. Conversation is possible via gurgling and cooing. - 15Cooing stage4-7 months
More vowel sounds in the form of comfort sounds and vocal play become apparent as the child tests its mouth. - 16Babbling stage6-12 months
The child produces a mixture of reduplicated and variegated sounds and intonation linked to the target language starts to become apparent. They will also be able to recognise which sound occurs most frequently in a string of vowel sounds. - 17Proto wordsBee (1997) defined this as any sound or set of sounds that is used consistently to refer to a thing, action or quality.
They are words that have meaning but usually only between the carer and child. Other people may not understand this utterance as a word because the meaning will be unclear; e.g: a baby saying "da" on hitting his toy against the bath. - 18Proto word stage9-12 months
Proto words are developed. The child is no longer receptive to all languages. The child will learn 2 words a week approx. 1st word occurs at 12 months approx. - 19Holophrastic stage12-18 months
One word that expresses a whole idea. - 20Telegraphic stage24-36 months
Just the key words included in utterances. - 21Two word stage18-24 months
Known as the "naming explosion" and coincides with growth of Wernicke's area (which aids speech comprehension). Overgeneralisation will occur and language takes off. Combining words occurs when Broca's area (aids language processing and storing rules) starts to develop. - 22Post-telegraphic stage36+ months
Everything after the telegraphic stage. Grammar develops. - 23HolophraseA word contains an entire sentence meaning. E.g: child says "cup" pointing at it, meaning he wants his cup.
- 24OverextensionUsing the same word for objects with similar qualities.
- 25UnderextensionThe meaning of the word is narrowed or reduced. E.g: Joanne will only use the word "shoe" to describe her own. When asked if there are any other shoes in the cupboard she'll shake her head.
- 26HyponymMore specific words within a category e.g: socks, trousers.
- 27HypernymA word that refers to a range of objects e.g: clothes.
- 28FramingA part of CDS. When an adult repeats a particular word/phrase in different contexts. E.g: that's a ball. What colour is the ball? Can you throw me the ball?
- 29RecastingThe adult puts the child's word in a new context. E.g: truck -> what colour is your truck?
- 30ExpansionThe adult fills out a child's utterance. E.g: ball -> yes, it's a ball.
- 31SynonymyUsing synonyms e.g: duck and quack-quack.
- 32Content wordsNouns, verbs, adjectives referring to real things. These are what the child uses during the telegraphic stage.
- 33Function wordsPronouns, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, articles - the more complex, abstract word classes that the child will only use later on.
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- A Levels English Language (Language Acquisition) Karteikarten am Spoken Language Acquisition Terms, erstellt von Hazel Meades am 09/09/2014.
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- Hazel Meades
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