Karteikarten
Embryology Chapter 4 Part 1 (third week)
Karten in diesem Stapel (67)
- 1What happens during Gastrulation?The bilaminar disc is converted into a trilaminar embryonic disc.
- 2GastrulationA process which establishes the three germ layers in embryos.
- 3Gastrulation marks the beginning of what?Development of body form, morphogenesis, during the third week the embryo is referred to as a gastrula.
- 4What does embryonic ectoderm give rise to?Epidermis, CNS, PNS, eyes, internal ears, neural crest cells, and connective tissues
of the head. - 5What does embryonic endoderm give rise to?Epithelial linings of the respiratory and digestive tracts including glands opening into the gastrointestinal tract
- 6What does embryonic mesoderm give rise to?Skeletal muscles, blood cells, lining of blood vessels, organs of the reproductive and excretory system, and source of all connective tissue in the body(trunk or torso).
- 7What is the first morphological sign of Gastrulation?Primitive streak appearing on the surface of the epiblast
- 8Primitive StreakA thickened linear band appears caudally in the midline of the dorsal aspect of the embryonic disc
- 9What forms when cells are added to primitive streak at the caudal end?Primitive Node
- 10Why are the primitive pit and groove formed?The result of epiblastic cells moving inward.
- 11MesenchymeAn embryonic connecting tissue that will migrate to form the supporting tissue of the embryo.
- 12How is the intraembryonic mesoderm formed?Some mesenchyme will form mesoblast, undifferentiated mesoderm, which will form intraembryonic mesoderm.
- 13How are embryonic endoderm and ectoderm formed?Epiblast will displace hypoblast and create embryonic endoderm and the rest of epiblast creates embryonic ectoderm.
- 14What happens to the primitive streak?Primitive streak slows down the production of mesoderm and diminishes in size becoming an insignificant structure in sacrococcygeal region.
- 15When does the primitive streak normally degenerate?By the end of the fourth week.
- 16Notochordal ProcessCells migrate cranially from the primitive node and pit forming a median cellular cord
- 17Notochordal canalThe lumen in the notochordal process developed by the primitive pit extending into the notochordal process.
- 18Prechordal PlateA small circular area where the ectoderm and endoderm are fused.
- 19Neurenteric CanalInitial spreading out of cells fusing with embryonic endoderm connects the amniotic cavity with yolk sac
- 20NotochordA solid rod of cells in the midline between the embryonic ectoderm and endoderm.
- 21Inductive signals of the notochord-11. Stimulate the conversion of overlying surface ectoderm into neural tissue
- 22Inductive signals of the notochord-22. Specify the identity of certain cells within early nervous system
- 23Inductive signals of the notochord-33. Transform certain mesodermal cells of somites into vertebral bodies
- 24Inductive signals of the notochord-44. Stimulate earliest steps in the development of dorsal pancreas
- 25What gives rises to the endoderm of the oropharyngeal membrane.Prechordal plate
- 26How is cardiogenic mesoderm formed?Mesenchymal cells from the primitive streak migrate cranially on each side of the notochordal process and prechordal plate meeting to form cardiogenic mesoderm.
- 27Cloacal membraneAt the caudal end it's a circular area which indicates future site of anus
- 28By the middle of the third week, intraembryonic mesoderm, separates ectoderm and endoderm everywhere exceptoropharyngeal membrane cranially and cloacal membrane caudally
- 29What does inductive signals from the primitive streak region induce.Notochordal precursor cells to form the notochord, a cellular rod structure.
- 30Initially the notochordal process elongates by invagination of cell from what?Primitive Pit
- 31What happens after the notochordal process fuses with underlying embryonic endoderm?Gradually undergo degeneration results in openings in the floor of the notochordal process bringing the notochordal canal into communication with umbilical vesicle
- 32What forms the notochordal plate?The openings merge and the notochordal canal disappears and the remains of the notochordal process form the notochordal plate
- 33Notochordal PlateNotochordal plate cells multiply and become infolded creating the notochord
- 34When does the notochord degenerate?As the bodies of the vertebrae form but small portions persist as the nucleus pulposus
- 35What induces the overlying ectoderm to thicken and form the neural plate?Developing notochord
- 36Neural PlatePrimordium of the central nervous system
- 37What day does the allantois appear?Day 16
- 38AllantoisSmall Diverticulum extends into the connecting stalk
- 39What forms blood vessels that will serve the placenta?Allantoic mesoderm which expands beneath the chorion.
- 40What is the proximal part of the original allantoic diverticulum that persists throughout much of the development as a stalkUrachus
- 41What is the urachus represented as in adults?Median Umbilical Ligament
- 42What does the blood vessels of the allantoic stalk become?Umbilical Arteries
- 43What constitutes Nerulation?Formation of the neural plate, neural folds, and closure of the fold which form the neural tube.
- 44What marks the completion of Neurulation?Closure of the caudal neuropore
- 45What does neuroectoderm give rise to?Central nervous system, the brain, and spinal cord.
- 46What are the first signs of brain development?When the neural folds become prominent at the cranial end of the of the embryo.
- 47What coverts the neural plate into the neural tube?Neural folds beginning to move together and fuse
- 48Neural tubePrimordium of the brain vesicles and spinal cord
- 49When will the Neural tube separate from the surface ectoderm?As the neural folds meet
- 50What will the surface ectoderm differentiate into?Epidermis of the skin
- 51Neural Crest CellsNeuroectodermal cells that lie along the crest and lose epithelial affinities and attachments to neighboring cells
- 52Neural CrestFlattened irregular mass between the neural tube and the overlying surface ectoderm.
- 53The neural crest separates into right and left parts shifting to the dorsolateral aspects of the neural tube giving rise to what?Sensory ganglia of the spinal and cranial nerves
- 54Neural crest will move over and into the surface of what?Somites
- 55GanglionCollection of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS
- 56PlacodesSpecialized epidermal cells (head region) that join neural crest to form sensory ganglia of the cranial nerves (3,5,7,8,9,10).
- 57Neural crest cells contribute to the formation of?(Leptomeninges)-The membranes protecting the brain and spinal cord specifically pia and arachnoid mater.
- 58Dorsal root ganglia given rise by Neural crest cellsSensory neurons
- 59Sympathetic ganglia given rise by neural crest cellsMotor (2nd neuron)
- 60Enteric ganglia given rise by neural crest cellsGut neurons
- 61Which neurons of the parasympathetic ganglia of CN did neural crest cells give rise to?3, 7, 9, and 10
- 62Schwann Cells given rise by neural crest cellsMyelinate neurons (peripheral neurons)
- 63Melanocytes given rise by neural crest cells.Melanin (color)
- 64Satellite cells of peripheral ganglia given rise by neural crest cellssupport cells
- 65Cartilage of pharyngeal arches given rise by neural crest cellsFace
- 66Ciliary and papillary muscles given rise by neural crest cellsEye
- 67Chromafin cells of adrenal medulla given rise by neural crest cellsPart of the adrenal gland and they are secreting cells
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- Beschreibung
- Gastrulation and Neurulation
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- Sierra Shelton (student)
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