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- 1What are three examples of Protestant religions?Methodist
Anglican
Mennonite
Lutheran
United
Baptist
Presbyterian - 2What is heresy?Heresy is the act of going against the beliefs of the church
- 3What is the punishment of the crime of heresy?You will be excommunicated
- 4What were indulgences?Indulgences were paid cancellations of punishments for sins.
- 5Who is TetzelTetzel was the man who brought indulgences into the world. His famous line is "As soon as the coin from the coffer rings; a soul from purgatory springs"
- 6Who wrote the 95 Theses against the church?Martin Luther
- 7Name three of Luther's other ideas in the 95 Theses1. Who can interpret the bible
2. Who can be a priest
3. Predestination - 8What is Pope Leo X's Bull?It was an official order from the pope that said that Luther's teachings were wrong. The bull threatened Luther with excommunication and member removal from the church. Published in 1520
- 9What is the Diet of Worms?An assemble in a city of Germany. Called by the Roman Catholic Church to deal with Martin Luther. 1521. Diet means assembly and Worms is a city in Germany
- 10What is predestination?The idea that God has already chosen the people who will go to heaven before time began.
- 11What is the Blue Laws?The Blue Laws were laws given by Calvin.
eg. The host must put a French Bible in a public place so that anyone who wishes can read it - 12Why was Calvin so strict?He believed that people were sinful by nature and needed strict laws to keep them in line.
- 13Who supported Calvin?People in business especially in Switzerland, Netherlands, Scotland and parts of France.
- 14What were Calvin's followers in France called?Huguenots
- 15What were Calvin's followers in England called?Puritans
- 16What were Calvin's followers in Scotland called?Presbyterians
- 17What was Henry VIII reasons for marrying Catherine of Aragon?Catherine of Aragon was married to Henry VIII's brother Arthur who died shortly after his marriage. Henry VIII wanted Catherine to keep her position as Queen so he married her so that she could still be queen
- 18What was Henry VIII's reasons for divorcing Catherine of Aragon?Catherine couldn't give him the son he wanted. Also, he said that he never should've married Catherine because she was his sister in law.
- 19When was the Act of Supremacy passed?(What year)1534
- 20What was the Peace of Augsburg and when was it passed?The Peace of Augsburg was passed in 1555 and stated that the Protestants could practice their religion in France without being killed.
- 21What is the definition or meaning of he Counter ReformationThe Counter Reformation is when the Catholic Church retaliated against other beliefs that contradicted with theirs.
- 22What did the Council of Trent do?The Council of Trent fixed the Catholic Church and tried to get rid of corruption
- 23What years did the Council of Trent meet?1545- 1563
- 24What is the Index Librorum Prohibitorum?What do the words mean? When was it published?It was a collection of books that Catholics were forbidden to read.
Index= List
Librorum = Books
Prohibitorum = Forbidden
1559 - 25What was the InquisitionIt was an organization that was used to stop heresy.
- 26Who did the Inquisition put on trial?Anyone with the slightest suspicion
- 27What powers did the Inquisition have?The Inquisition had absolute power to arrest and imprison people. They also had the power to confiscate the land of the heretics
- 28What are the dates of the Renaissance?1300 - 1600 A.D.
- 29Origin and meaning of the word RenaissanceThe word Renaissance originated from France meaning Rebirth
- 30How did the middle class contribute to the growth of the Renaissance?The middle class had more time for new ideas and had new ideas in art, science and literature.
- 31Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?The Renaissance began in Italy because it's location allowed for trade with other countries. Also, most of Italy still used the Roman Law which allowed for easier access as a business and trade country. Also, Italy had many old and famous art pieces that caught the attention of Italian artists/ architects.
- 32Define a Renaissance ManA Renaissance man is a person who is developed in body, mind and soul. eg. A person who plays basketball, paints and loves literature.
- 33Define HumanismHumanism is an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human. Rather than divine or supernatural matters.
- 34How did Humanism affect art.Renaissance art was affected by humanism. Artists wanted to learn more about the natural world around them. Botticelli painted flowers blooming when he created his masterpiece “La Primavera”. They were not afraid to question previously held beliefs. During the Middle Ages, art was primarily focused on religion. Jan van Eyck went against this tradition when he painted the Arnolfinis getting married in their house in Flanders. Humanists were curious to learn more about themselves. Leonardo dissected corpses so that he could realistically draw the human figure in portraits like “Mona Lisa”. Humanists greatly influenced the painting and sculpture of the Renaissance era.
- 35How did Humanism affect science?Renaissance science was affected by humanism. Scientists wanted to learn more about the natural world around them. Van Leeuwenhoek used a microscope to study cheek cells. They were not afraid to question previously held beliefs. Galileo questioned if two objects of different size and weight will touch the ground at the same time. Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory because he did not believe that the geocentric theory was correct. Scientists were curious to learn more about themselves. Harvey wanted to find out about our human system and found that blood is pumped around the body by our heart. Humanists greatly influenced the scientific discoveries during the Renaissance era.
- 36How did Humanism affect exploration?Renaissance exploration was affected by humanism. Explorers wanted to learn more about the natural world around them. Cabot used the compass to find the magnetic north. Magellan used the astrolabe to measure the angle of the stars to find the latitude. Explorers started finding new routes to the Spice Islands and the New World. They were not afraid to question previously held beliefs. Columbus didn’t believe that the world was flat like the others. They also showed confidence in people’s abilities. Magellan was confident in his crew’s abilities. He believed the world was round and to prove his point he sailed west to reach his destinations in the east. Humanists greatly influenced the search for Asia during the Renaissance era.
- 37Name a few famous Renaissance masterpieces and their artists1. Mona Lisa - Leonardo da Vinci
2. La Privmavera - Sandro Botticelli
3. The Marriage of the Arnolfini - Jan Van Eyck - 38What are the characteristics of Renaissance art?1. Perspective
2.Proportion
3.Not religious topics
4. Colors taken from nature
5. Ordinary people
6. Detailed background - 39Perspective of Renaissance art1. Overlapping
2. Position
3. Color
4. Detail
5. Size
6. Converging lines - 40Which two methods were created during the Renaissance?Hypothesis and theory
- 41What does Galileo's Law of Falling Bodies state?It states that two different objects of similar shape but different weight will land on the ground at the same time when dropped from the same height at the same time.
- 42What does the heliocentric theory state?It states that the sun is the center of the universe and the other planets revolve around it
- 43What does the geocentric theory state?It states that the Earth is the center of the universe and the other planets revolve around it
- 44What is the order of the planets (heliocentric)Sun
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto - 45Who supported the heliocentric theory?Kepler
Copernicus
Newton
Galileo - 46Who supported the geocentric theory?The Roman Catholic Church
Aristotle
Ptolemy - 47What did Harvey discover?He discovered that blood is not stationary. He found out that blood is actually pumped around our body by the heart
- 48What did Copernicus discover?He discovered that the Earth was not the center of the universe
- 49What did Bacon do to change Renaissance Science?He promoted empirical reasoning which is drawing conclusions from physical evidence
- 50What did Vesalius do?He studied anatomy (the structure of the body) he proved that Galen's discoveries were false because Galen never actually dissected a human body but drew conclusions based on dissections of various animals
- 51What did Kepler do?Kepler proved that the planets orbited in an elliptical shape (oval)
- 52What did Newton discover?Newton discovered the law of gravity
- 53What were the superstitions of the sea?1. People believed that the world was flat and if they sailed too far they would fall into an abyss.
2. If they sailed across the Atlantic and crossed the equator they would encounter terrifying beings (people with two heads, one eye, one leg, three legs) - 54What did Prince Henry the Navigator contribute?He built a school for sailors in Portugal. The school taught people about navigating and sailing information
- 55Name the five explorers from the class presentations and their nationalitiesChristopher Columbus - Italian
Drake - English
Magellan - Portuguese
Cabot - Italian
Da Gamma - Portuguese - 56What was Christopher Columbus' achievements?He was the first to discover the West Indies even though he thought he found India
- 57What was Drake's achievement?He was the first to circumnavigate the world
- 58What was Da Gamma's achievement?He was the first to sail to India
- 59What was Magellan's achievement?He was the first to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
- 60Name all the continents and the oceansNorth America, South America, Asia, Australia, Africa, Europe, Antarctica
Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean - 61Why did Europeans want to find all three water routes to Asia?They wanted gold, silk, spices from India, China and Japan
- 62What are some "new" technology that helped exploration?Transverse Board
Compass
Astrolabe - 63What are the four main countries involved in exploration?Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy
- 64What is the Treaty of Tordesillas? When was it established?It was what the pope used to settle an argument between Portugal and Spain about how to share the New World. The Line of Demarcation is located at 46 degrees west. Established in 1494
- 65Who invented the printing press? When was it invented? Where was it invented? Who invented it first?The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1454 AD in Europe 15th century. China had already developed the printing press way before the Europeans did. Paper was also first made in China as well as block printing
- 66How were books produced before the printing press?Written by hand
Carved onto wooden blocks and stamped out - 67How did the movable type work?It was a collection of individual letters that were put on a tray to spell out words and sentences. These letters could be used more than once
- 68How did the printing press affect the Renaissance?More books were being produced so the price of books went down. Because the price decreased, middle and lower class people could possibly afford them which gives them some education
- 69How were messaged sent before the printing press?They had a messenger that ran around the town calling out the news. Private messages were written by hand or passed on by people (like a giant game of telephone)
- 70How did the printing press affect the Renaissance?A person took Martin Luther's 95 Theses and ran it through the printing press. Then they were sent out so that many people could see and read it. Not just the people who walked pass the church door
- 71Who is HusHus was a reformer that criticized the Catholic Church. The church condemned him to be burned at the stake
- 72What is NepotismNepotism was the practice where the Church could give jobs to relatives even if they were unqualified and undeserving of the job.
- 73Who was WycliffeWycliffe was a reformer who criticized the church. However, he was not burned because he had the support of nobles. The nobles supported him because he went against the church collecting taxes and money in general and the nobles didn't want to pay anything to the church because the church often asked for more money from the nobles because they were wealthy
- 74Who was ErasmusErasmus was a humanist who wrote books that went against the Catholic Church
- 75What was the Edict of Nantes?It was a law passed in 1598 that allowed all protestants to practice their religion freely in France. It was issued by Henry IV
- 76What was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre? When did it happen?It was the day when Catherine urged the murder of all protestants. They were hunted and killed within hours. 1572
- 77How did Humanism affect Renaissance art?Renaissance art was affected by humanism. Artists wanted to learn more about the natural world around them. Botticelli painted flowers blooming when he created his masterpiece “La Primavera”. They were not afraid to question previously held beliefs. During the Middle Ages, art was primarily focused on religion. Jan van Eyck went against this tradition when he painted the Arnolfinis getting married in their house in Flanders. Humanists were curious to learn more about themselves. Leonardo dissected corpses so that he could realistically draw the human figure in portraits like “Mona Lisa”. Humanists greatly influenced the painting and sculpture of the Renaissance era.
- 78How did humanism affect Renaissance Science?Renaissance science was affected by humanism. Scientists wanted to learn more about the natural world around them. Van Leeuwenhoek used a microscope to study cheek cells. They were not afraid to question previously held beliefs. Galileo questioned if two objects of different size and weight will touch the ground at the same time. Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory because he did not believe that the geocentric theory was correct. Scientists were curious to learn more about themselves. Harvey wanted to find out about our human system and found that blood is pumped around the body by our heart. Humanists greatly influenced the scientific discoveries during the Renaissance era.
- 79How did humanism affect Renaissance Exploration?Renaissance exploration was affected by humanism. Explorers wanted to learn more about the natural world around them. Cabot used the compass to find the magnetic north. Magellan used the astrolabe to measure the angle of the stars to find the latitude. Explorers started finding new routes to the Spice Islands and the New World. They were not afraid to question previously held beliefs. Columbus didn’t believe that the world was flat like the others. They also showed confidence in people’s abilities. Explorers like Drake and Columbus were confident in their crew’s abilities. They believed the world was round and to prove their point the explorers sailed west to reach their destinations in the east. Humanists greatly influenced the search for Asia during the Renaissance era.
- 80What is a generalization?A generalization is a broad overall statement supported by two or more facts
- 81What is scale?Scale is a ratio that compares the distance on a map to the distance on the ground
- 82What is a line scale?A line scale is a line marked with distance
- 83What is a statement scale?A statement scale gives description of the scale using words.
eg. one centimeter equals to one kilometer - 84What is a representative fraction (ratio)A representative fraction or ratio indicates how many units on the earth's surface is equal to the units on the map
- 85What is a large scale?A large scale area shows a small area with a lot of detail
- 86What is a small scale?A small scale shows a large area with less detail
- 87How to convert km to cm and cm to km1 km = 100000 cm
25 km = 2500000cm - 88What were the reasons for growth of trade during the latter Middle Ages?The Crusades supported trade because the Crusaders often brought new and interesting things back home and people would also want to get one. Trade also resulted in better transportation. (boats, roads) and new and better things were being produced
- 89How did geography affect the location of the town in Europe and Middle East?Towns were usually built around a running water source so that the town could have access to fresh water for personal needs (washing clothes, washing dishes, washing other things) The water source also provided the town with fish and food.
- 90Describe life in the medieval townsMedieval towns often had a church or cathedral in the centre of it. There was a public wash place where you could take a bath. Children didn't go to school unless you were a noble. Some people baked, made clothes, farmed and other stuff
- 91Why was Genivra De Benci an example of Renaissance art?“Ginevra De Benci” is an example of Renaissance art. The main subject in the painting is in proportion. The woman's head is the perfect size for her body, and her eyes, nose and mouth are the right size for her face. The background of the painting is very detailed. There is water in the in the distance and a few trees that are painted with eye catching detail. The colours in this painting are taken from nature. Her dress is a mixture of earthly colours such as brick red and dirt brown. Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece is a great representation of art from the Renaissance period.
- 92How did Martin Luther react to the bullHe burnt a copy in a public assembly in Wittenberg, Germany
- 93How did the pope react to Martin Luther reaction to the bullHe officially excommunicated Luther and put in on trail in the City of Worms
- 94When did Martin Luther publish his 95 Theses?October 31 1517
- 95When did Zwingli's ideas spread over most of Switzerland?1529
- 96When did John Calvin publish his ideas in the book "Institutes of the Christian Religion"1534
- 97What does theocracy mean?It is a system of government which God's laws are considered the laws of the state
- 98Who sets up the Anglican Church and why?Henry VIII sets up the Anglican Church because he wanted a church that would allow annulments so that he could dump Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn
- 99When did Protestantism take several different forms?16th Century
- 100After the Protestant Reformation what religion could the Christians be?Christians could either be Roman Catholic or Protetant
- 101What year was the Treaty of Nates signed?1598
- 102What resulted from the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?It was the killing of protestants that started in 1572 and led to a religious war that lasted until 1598 when the Treaty of Nantes was signed
- 103What is the order of the planets (geocentric)Earth
Moon
Venus
Mercury
Sun
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn - 104What did Galileo discover about Jupiter?He found out that Jupiter had four moons orbiting it which led to him thinking that because Jupiter revolved around Jupiter and not the Earth maybe the Earth was not in the centre of the universe
- 105What did Galileo say about the moon?He said that the surface of the moon was not smooth but rough, solid, pitted and scarred. It was made of Ether
- 106What is a hypothesisA hypothesis is a proposed explanation
- 107What is theory?Theory is an explanation supported by the observation of evidence
- 108What is the nationality of: Tycho Brahe Francis Bacon Johannes Kepler Rene Descartes Issac Newton Nicholas Copernicus Galileo GalileiTycho Brahe - Swedish
Francis Bacon - English
Johannes Kepler - German
Rene Descartes - French
Issac Newton - English
Nicholas Copernicus - Polish
Galileo Galilei - Italian - 109Who FIRST invented the printing press and when?1045 A.D. and it was invented by Bi Sheng
- 110What was the PRIMARY reason for exploration during the Renaissance?People wanted to find an ALL water route to Asia for gold, silk, spices... of India, China and Japan
- 111Why did people doubt the magnetic compass?People thought that such an amazing device was definitely made by the devil
- 112What were the three all water routes of European explorers during the Renaissance?1. Down the west coast of Africa, around the Cape of Good Hope, on towards India. Dias and da Gamma sailed this route and they were both Portuguese
2. West across the Atlantic, south of South America (through the Strait of Magellan) Drake and Magellan sailed this route
3. West across the Atlantic, North of North America. This route is looking for the Northwest Passage. Sailed by Cabot. The NWP was not found until the 20th century. St. Roch in the Maritime Museum is the first ship to go through the North West Passage. - 113When did Columbus reach the islands of the Caribbean? What were his ship's names?Columbus reached the islands of the Caribbean in 1492 in his three ships the Nina, the Pina, and the Santa Maria
- 114How does the Astrolabe workThe astrolabe was use to tell the altitude of the stars (height of stars) by sighting the North Star so that they could determine their latitude and chart their ship's course
- 115What was a log line and how was it used?A log line measured the ship's speed. A triangular piece of wood was thrown in the water attached to a line with evenly spaced knots. When the line is pulled in, they count the knots
- 116What was a transverse board and how was it used?A transverse board was used with an hour glass and compass to help keep track of the ship's course
- 117How was the quadrant used?The quadrant measured how far north or south a ship had sailed
- 118What is scurvy?A disease where the person has a lack of vitamin C
- 119What were five items or "riches" that Europeans wanted to buy from the East?Cinnamon, Oils, Cloves, Nutmeg and Pepper
- 120When did the overland route from Europe to Asia fall and why?The route ended in 1453 when the city of Constantinople fell to a Turkish army
- 121Where did Humanism begin?Italy then spread to other parts of Europe
- 122What European city/ country did John Calvin set up his Christian state?Geneva, Switzerland
- 123Who annulled Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon?Thomas Cranmer who was the Archbishop of Canterbury
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