Karteikarten
Research Methods
Karten in diesem Stapel (23)
- 1Aim - statement of what the researcher intends to find out in a research studyMethod
- how that information is sampled, and the types of instruments that are used in data collection. - 2Procedure - ways a study is to be structured or has been structured.Findings
- information discovered - 3Conclusion - summing up of the points and a statement of opinion or decisions reachedNEXT TOPICS
- 4Hypothesis - a mere assumption or guess.Experiment
- causal conclusions can be drawn because the IV has been manipulated so we can observe the cause of the DV - 5Operationalise - A concept where something needs to be specified more clearly if we are going to investigate itStandardise Procedure
- A set of procedures that are the same from all the participants in order to be able to repeat the study. - 6NEXT TOPICIndependent Variable
- something that is MANIPULATED by the experimenter - 7Dependent Variable - something that is MEASURED by the experimenterExtraneous Variable
- factors in an experiment but does not effect what is being studied
- nuisance variable and makes the experiment more difficult to defect - 8Confounding Variable - is an extraneous variable which affects the variables being studied so that the results you get do not reflect the actual relationship between the variables under investigationOTHER WORDS
- 9External Validity - where a research findings can be generalised Ecological / Population / HistoricalHistorical
- A study that was conducted years ago may not be reliable now as there are changes occuring - 10Ecological - finding can be generalised to the real worldPopulation
- a study that can be generalised to other people who didn;t took part in the study - 11Internal validity - Which an observed effect was due to a researcher controlling all extraneous variables Face / Concurrent / PredictativeConcurrent
- How well a particular test correlates with a previously validated measure - 12Predictive - performance on a test is related to later performance that the test was designed to predictFace
- - 13NEXT TOPIC [ experimental/ participant design ]Participant Variables - intelligence, motivation, past experiences
Order Effects - learning, fatigue, boredom - 14Demand Characteristics - participants more likely to guess the aim of the study Amount of participants - less/more time consuming to collect participantsNEXT TOPIC
[ Sampling ] - 15Volunteer - relies solely on volunteers to make up a sampleRandom
- using random technique
- every member of the target populatipn being tested has an EQUAL chance of being selected - 16Opportunity - participants who are most easily available at the timeSystematic
- obtained by selecting every Nth person.
- can be a random sample
- 1st person = random method
- select every Nth person after - 17Stratified - produced by identifying subgroups according to their frequency in the population - participants are the selected randomly from the subgroupsNEXT TOPIC
[ Confounding variables ] - 18Demand characteristics - cue that makes participants aware of the aims of the studyParticipant
- Any characteristics of a participant - 19Experimenter effects - results that an experimental researcher subsconciously communicated the expected results to the participantSituational Variables
- any features of a situation that may influence a participant's behaviour - 20Single blind design - participants are not aware of the aims Double blind design - both researcher and participants are blindExperimental realism
- makes a task engaging so the participant pays attention to the TASK not that they are being observed - 21NEXT TOPIC [ Types of Experiment ]Laboratory (HIghly controlled environment)
- IV manipulated
- DV measured
- High control over extraneous variables - 22Field (natural environment) - IV manipulated - DV measured - Harder to control extraneous variablesNatural (real life setting)
- IV is naturally occurring
- DV is measured - 23Quasi (almost experiment) -