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Public Speaking Midterm Study Guide

Ikeshia Billingsley Public Speaking Englisch 45 Karten

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  1. 1Stage FrightAnxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience
  2. 2AdrenalineA hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress
  3. 3Positive NervousnessControlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for their presentation
  4. 4VisualizationMental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures themself giving a successful presentation
  5. 5SpeakerThe person who is presenting an oral message to a listener
  6. 6Messagewhatever a speaker communicates
  7. 7ChannelThe means by which a message is communicated
  8. 8ListenerThe person who receives the speaker's message
  9. 9EthnocentrismThe belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups
  10. 10FeedbackThe messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker
  11. 11Five guidelines for ethical speechmaking are:1. Make sure your goals are ethically sound
    2. Be fully prepared for each speech
    3. Be honest in what you say
    4. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language
    5. Put ethical principles into practice
  12. 12Listeners also have ethical obligations like:1. To listen courteously and attentively
    2. To avoid prejudging the speaker
    3. To maintain free and open expression of ideas
  13. 13EthicsThe branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
  14. 14Name-callingThe use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or grups
  15. 15PlagerismPresenting another person's language or ideas as one's own
  16. 16Bill of RightsThe first ten amendments of the Constitution
  17. 17ParaphraseTo restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words
  18. 18Spare "Brain time"The difference between the rate at which most people talk (120-180 words per minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400-500 words a minute)
  19. 19ListeningPaying close attention to and making sense of, what we hear
  20. 20HearingThe vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain
  21. 21What are the four main causes of poor listening?-Not concentrating
    -Listening too hard
    -Jumping to conclusions
    -Focusing on delivery and personal appearance
  22. 22How to become a better listener:-Be an active listener
    -Resist distractions
    -Don't be diverted by appearance or delivery
    -Suspend judgment
    -Focus on listening
    -Develop note-taking skills
  23. 23Empathic Listeninglistening to provide emotional support for a speaker
  24. 24Critical ListeningListening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it
  25. 25AttitudeA frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.
  26. 26StereotypingCreating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike
  27. 27EgocentrismThe tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being
  28. 28Demographic Audience AnalysisAudience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, religion, racial, ethnic, and cultural background, gender, and sexual orientation, group membership, and the like
  29. 29Situational Audience AnalysisAudience analysis that focuses on the situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience towards the topic, the speaker, and the location
  30. 30PersuasionThe process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions
  31. 31Question of FactA question about the truth of falsity of an assertion
  32. 32Question of ValueA question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action
  33. 33Question of PolicyA question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken
  34. 34Burden of ProofThe obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is neccessary
  35. 35Monroe's Motivated SequenceA method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek
    immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need,
    satisfaction, visualization, and action.
  36. 36Target Audiencethe portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to
    Persuade
  37. 37EthosThe name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility.
  38. 38Logosthe name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker, two major
    elements of logos are evidence and reasoning.
  39. 39FallacyAn error in reasoning.
  40. 40Bandwagona fallacy that assumes that because something is popular, it is, therefore
    good, correct, or desirable
  41. 41PathosThe name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as an emotional appeal
  42. 42Evidenceconsists of supporting materials-examples, statistics, and testimony-used to prove
    or disapprove something
  43. 43Red Herringthe fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the
    subject under discussion
  44. 44Ad Hominema fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in
    dispute
  45. 45Invalid Analogyan analogy in which the two cases being compared are not essentially
    alike.

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Public Speaking midterm study guide.
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