Karteikarten
Sociology
Karten in diesem Stapel (34)
- 1FUNCTIONALISMSociety works based on agreement, works like a human body (organic analogy)
- 2MARXISMA conflict theory that states society is based on class structure, it unequal (bourgeoisie vs proletariat)
- 3FEMMINISMA conflict theory based on the unequal power relation between men and women, portraying society as patriarchal.
- 4INTERACTIONISMStudying society from the perspective of people so looking at how people react, interactions we have on a daily basis.
- 5LABELING THEORYLabeling someone because of their actions.
- 6SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONMaking a meaning for words
- 7THEORETICAL STANDPOINTThe way research is approached depends on the sociologist idea of sociology as a science or not.
- 8POSITIVISTSociologists who believe that sociology should be studied using methods of natural sciences (e.g. observable and measurable). Research should be reliable, value free and objective.
- 9INTERPRETIVISTSociologists who believe that the subject matter of sociology and sciences are different. They believe that research should explore meaning and experiences of people and can therefore be subjective and valid.
- 10QUANTITATIVE DATANumerical value (e.g. statistics) preferred by Positivists.
- 11QUALITATIVE DATARepresented by words (e.g. diary entry) preferred by Interpretivist.
- 12STRUCTURALISTSociologists who look at how societies structures affects/influence people actions.
- 13TRIANGULATIONUsing multiple methods in a single piece of research (also known as methodological pluralism).
- 14BACKGROUND READINGTo know what already exist on the topic and to avoid repeating research, gaining ideas on what direction the research should have.
- 15HYPOTHESISA prediction of what the sociologist think will happen to their research (grounded theory).
- 16OPERATIONALISATIONIs the breaking down of the hypothesis, research aim or concepts to make them measurable.
- 17POPULATIONThe whole group you are studying (e.g. victims of bullying).
- 18SAMPLING FRAMEA list of names from the population (e.g. electoral register, school registers, phone books).
- 19SAMPLEThose taking part in the research.
- 20REPRESENTATIVEThis is when the sample is typical, or shares the same characteristics as the entire population.
- 21SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLINGIt ensure that each name or address as a mathematically equal chance of selection by using a computer or a table of random numbers to make selections.
- 22STRATIFIED SAMPLINGTypical criteria for stratifying a sample are gender, social class, age group and ethnicity but these criteria will vary according to the purpose of the research.
- 23SYSTEMATIC SAMPLINGThe sample is selected by simply choosing every tenth name on the sampling frame.
- 24VOLUNTEER SAMPLINGVolunteer samples are self-selected which may systematically bias the sample in a particular direction.
- 25PURPOSIVE SAMPLINGWhen the researcher selects participants because of their usefulness to the development of the research.
- 26QUOTA SAMPLINGIt involves diving the population according to characteristics such as age, gender and ethnicity. It also allows comparison to be made.
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