Karteikarten
Unit 2 Exam Review
Karten in diesem Stapel (199)
- 1THE SITE OF HEMATOPOIESIS IN THE FIRST MONTH OF GESTATION IS THE?YOLK SAC
- 2THE PRINCIPAL TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IN THE PROCESS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS IS THE?NEUTROPHIL
- 3CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE REPRESENTS A DEFECT OF?OXIDATIVE METABOLISM
- 4A PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE EOSINOPHIL IS?SUPPRESSION OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
- 5THE CELLS OF THE MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM INCLUDE?BOTH A AND B: MONOCYTES, PROMONOCYTES, AND MACROPHAGES
- 6THE HOST DEFENSE FUNCTION OF MONOCYTES-MACROPHAGES INCLUDE?ALL OF THE ABOVE: ANTIGEN PRESENTATION , PHAGOCYTOSIS, AND SECRETION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE MOLECULES
- 7THE SURFACE MHC CLASS 2 GENE PRODUCT IS IMPORTANT IN?ANTIGEN RECOGNITION BY T LYMPHOCYTES
- 8WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME?DEFECTIVE MONOCYTE CYTOTOXICITY
- 9WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH BURNS OR DIABETES?DEPRESSED MIGRATION
- 10WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS?IMPAIRED PHAGOCYTOSIS
- 11WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY?DEFECT IN PHAGOCYTIC KILLING
- 12WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH INTRACELLULAR INFECTIONS?DEFECTIVE RELEASE OF MACROPHAGE-ACTIVATING FACTORS
- 13ARRANGE THE STEPS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS IN ORDER?INCREASE IN CHEMOATTRACTANTS AT SITE OF TISSUE DAMAGE - MOVEMENT OF PHAGOCYTIC CELLS - INGESTION OF BACTERIA - DIGESTION OF BACTERIA
- 14WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHIL LEUKOCYTES (PMN)?PRIMARY PHAGOCYTIC CELLS
- 15WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF LYMPHOCYTES?RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN ANTIGEN AND PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODY
- 16WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MONONUCLEAR MONOCYTES-MACROPHAGES?PRIMARY PHAGOCYTIC CELLS
- 17WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLASMA CELLS?ANTIBODY-SYNTHESIZING CELLS
- 18WHAT IS THE SITE OF INITIAL RBC PRODUCTION IN A FETUS/EMBRYO?YOLK SAC
- 19WHAT IS THE PREDOMINANT SITE FOR HEMATOPOIESIS FROM 2-5 MONTHS OF FETAL LIFE?LIVER AND SPLEEN
- 20WHAT IS THE ULTIMATE SITE OF PRIMARY HEMATOPOIESIS?BONE MARROW
- 21PATIENTS WITH A MARKED DECREASE IN NEUTROPHILS OR SEVERE DEFECTS IN NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION HAVE?ALL OF THE ABOVE: A HIGH RATE OF INFECTION, RECURRENT SYSTEMIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, RECURRENT LIFE-THREATENING FUNGAL INFECTIONS
- 22WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC GRANULOMATOSUS DISEASE?FAILURE TO EXHIBIT INCREASED ANAEROBIC METABOLISM DURING PHAGOCYTOSIS
- 23WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LAZY LEUKOCYTE SYNDROME?DEFECTIVE LEUKOCYTE LOCOMOTION
- 24WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEDIAK-HIGASHI ANOMALY (SYNDROME)?MARKED DEFECT IN CELLULAR RESPONSE TO CHEMOTAXIS
- 25WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MYELOPEROXIDASE DEFICIENCY?MILD OR MARKED DEFECT IN BACTERICIDAL ABILITY OF NEUTROPHILS
- 26T/F: EOSINOPHILS PARTICIPATE IN HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS?FALSE
- 27T/F: BASOPHILS REACT WITH TWO ADJACENT IgA MOLECULES ON MAST CELLSFALSE
- 28THE CELLS THAT CONSTITUTE THE PHYSIOLOGIC, MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM DO NOT INCLUDE?POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS
- 29WHAT MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTIC CELL IS FOUND IN THE BRAIN REGION?MICROGLIAL CELLS
- 30WHAT MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTIC CELL IS FOUND IN THE NECK REGION?MACROPHAGES
- 31WHAT MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTIC CELL IS FOUND IN THE LIVER REGION?MACROPHAGES AND KUPFFER CELLS
- 32WHAT MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTIC CELL IS FOUND IN THE INTESTINAL REGION?HISTIOCYTES (TISSUE MACROPHAGES)
- 33WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS?CHEMOTAXIS - ADHERENCE - ENGULFMENT - PHAGOSOME FORMATION - FUSION - DIGESTION AND DESTRUCTION
- 34A FUNCTION OF THE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH HUMORAL IMMUNITY IS?INITIATION OF REJECTION OF FOREIGN TISSUES AND TUMORS
- 35THE PRIMARY OR CENTRAL LYMPHOID ORGANS IN HUMANS ARE THE?BONE MARROW AND/OR FETAL LIVER AND THYMUS
- 36T/F: SYNTHESIS OF ANTIBODY IS A FUNCTION OF T CELLS?FALSE
- 37WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF T CELLS?CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE
- 38WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF B CELLS?HUMORAL RESPONSE
- 39WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF K-TYPE LYMPHOCYTES?ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT, CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY (ADCC) REACTION
- 40WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS?CYTOTOXIC REACTION
- 41WHAT SURFACE MEMBRANE MARKER IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL OR MOST T LYMPHOCYTES?CD3
- 42WHAT SURFACE MEMBRANE MARKER IS ASSOCIATED WITH HELPER-INDUCER T CELLS?CD4
- 43WHAT SURFACE MEMBRANE MARKER IS ASSOCIATED WITH SUPPRESSOR-CYTOTOXIC T CELLS?CD8
- 44T/F: CD4 IS A B CELL SURFACE MEMBRANE MARKER?FALSE
- 45WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY THYMIC HYPOPLASIA? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED?CONGENITAL T CELL DISORDER
- 46WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY AIDS? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED?ACQUIRED T CELL DISORDER
- 47WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED?ACQUIRED T CELL DISORDER
- 48WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED?ACQUIRED T CELL DISORDER
- 49WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY MULTIPLE MYELOMA? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED?AQUIRED B CELL DISORDER
- 50WHICH MAJOR TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE IS AFFECTED BY BRUTONS AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA? CONGENITAL OR ACQUIRED?CONGENITAL B CELL DISORDER
- 51MOST DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH A PRIMARY DEFECT ARE ___ DISORDERS?B CELL
- 52SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY IS CAUSED BY?INAPPROPRIATE DEVELOPMENT OF STEM CELLS
- 53DIGEORGES SYNDROME IS CAUSED BY?FAULTY EMBRYOGENESIS
- 54THE MAJOR CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF A B CELL DEFICIENCY IS?INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
- 55BRUTONS AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA IS A?SEX-LINKED GENETIC DISORDER
- 56DOES POISON IVY HYPERSENSITIVITY RESULT IN A SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY?NO
- 57THE SECONDARY LYMPHOID TISSUES IN MAMMALS ARE?BOTH B AND C: LYMPH NODES AND SPLEEN
- 58IN MAMMALIAN IMMUNOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT, THE PRECURSORS OF LYMPHOCYTES ARISE FROM PROGENITOR CELLS OF THE?BOTH B AND C: LYMPH NODES AND SPLEEN
- 59THE THYMUS IS EMBRYOLOGICALLY DERIVED FROM THE?PHARYNGEAL POUCHES
- 60WHAT ARE THE SITES OF SECONDARY TISSUE ON THE BODY?SPLEEN, LYMPH NODES, AND PEYERS PATCHES (INTESTINES)
- 61THE PROCESS OF AGING CAUSES THE THYMUS TO?BOTH A AND C: DECREASE IN SIZE AND LOSE CELLULARITY
- 62T LYMPHOCYTES CAN ALSO BE REFERRED TO AS?MEMORY CELLS
- 63T/F: T LYMPHOCYTES CAN SYNTHESIZE AND SECRETE IMMUNOGLOBULIN?FALSE
- 64WHICH CELLS FUNCTION TO SECRETE A VARIETY OF CYTOKINES?HELPER OR REGULATOR T CELLS
- 65WHICH CELLS FUNCITON TO RECOGNIZE ANTIGENS ASSOCIATED WITH MHC CLASS 1?CYTOTOXIC OR EFFECTOR T CELLS
- 66WHICH CELLS FUNCTION TO INHIBIT RESPONSE OF HELPER T CELLS?SUPPRESSOR T CELLS
- 67NATURAL KILLER CELLS DO WHAT?ALL OF THE ABOVE: PRODUCE INTERFERON, PRODUCE IL-2, AND WERE PREVIOUSLY CALLED NULL CELLS
- 68K-TYPE CELLS DO WHAT?DESTROY BY CYTOTOXIC REACTION
- 69WHICH TESTS ARE USED TO EVALUATE ALL SUSPECTED IMMUNODEFICIENCIES?ESR, CBC WITH PLATELET EVALUATION
- 70WHICH TESTS ARE USED TO EVALUATE ANTIBODY DEFICIENCY?SCREENING FOR ANTI-A AND ANTI-B ISOAGGLUTININS, SCREENING FOR ANTIBODIES TO DIPHTHERIA OR TETANUS TOXOIDS
- 71WHICH TESTS ARE USED TO EVALUATE T CELL DEFICIENCY?ABSOLUTE LYMPHOCYTE COUNT, INTRADERMAL SKIN TEST
- 72WHICH TESTS ARE USED TO EVALUATE PHAGOCYTIC CELL DEFICIENCY?ABSOLUTE NEUTROPHIL COUNT
- 73WHAT % OF IMMUNODEFICIENCIES DO T CELL DISORDERS ACCOUNT FOR?7%
- 74WHAT % OF IMMUNODEFICIENCIES DO B CELL DISORDERS ACCOUNT FOR?53%
- 75WHAT % OF IMMUNODEFICIENCIES DO SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCIES (SCIDS) ACCOUNT FOR?23%
- 76WHAT % OF IMMUNODEFICIENCIES DO DISORDERS OF PHAGOCYTOSIS ACCOUNT FOR?14%
- 77THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IS?ALL OF THE ABOVE: A HEAT-LIABLE SERIES OF PLASMA PROTEINS, COMPOSED OF MANY PROTEINASES, AND COMPOSED OF THREE INTERRELATED PATHWAYS
- 78T/F: CD3 IS A COMPLEMENT CONTROLLING PROTEIN?FALSE
- 79THE THREE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAYS CONVERGE AT THE POINT OF CLEAVAGE OF COMPLEMENT COMPONENT ___?CD3
- 80T/F: DECREASED CELL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PHAGOCYTOSIS RESULTS FROM COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION?FALSE
- 81WHAT IS THE ACTIVATION SEQUENCE OF THE CLASSIC COMPLEMENT PATHWAY?C1 - C4 - C2 - C3 - C5 - C6 - C7 - C8 - C9
- 82WHAT COMPLEMENT COMPONENT IS PRESENT IN THE GREATEST QUANTITY IN PLASMA?C3
- 83WHAT IS THE CORRECT ORDER OF SEQUENCE OF THE CLASSIC COMPLEMENT PATHWAY?RECOGNITION - ENZYMATIC ACTIVATION - MEMBRANE ATTACK
- 84T/F: FIXATION OF THE C1 COMPLEMENT COMPONENT IS RELATED TO THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF THE ANTIBODY?FALSE
- 85AT WHICH STAGE DOES THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM REACH ITS FULL AMPLITUDE?C3
- 86THE FINAL STAGES (C8 AND C9) IN COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION LEAD TO?CELL LYSIS
- 87WHICH PATHWAY IS ACTIVATED BY ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES?CLASSIC PATHWAY
- 88WHICH PATHWAY GENERATES AN ACTIVE (C3b, Bb) C3 CONVERTASE AND IS ACTIVATED BY MICROBIAL AND MAMMALIAN CELL SURFACES?ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY
- 89WHICH PATHWAY TERMINATES IN A MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX?CLASSIC AND ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS
- 90THE ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY IS?BOTH B AND C: PREDOMINANTLY A NON-ANTIBODY-INITIATED PATHWAY AND IS ACTIVATED BY FACTORS SUCH AS ENDOTOXINS
- 91WHICH CONDITION CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERCOMPLEMENTEMIA?MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
- 92WHICH DEFICIENT COMPONENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH XERODERMA PIGMENTOSA?C8
- 93WHICH DEFICIENT COMPONENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH LEINERS DISEASE?C5 DYSFUNCTION
- 94WHICH DEFICIENT COMPONENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH RAYNAUDS PHENOMENON?C6 AND C7
- 95WHICH DEFICIENT COMPONENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH RECURRENT PYROGENIC INFECTIONS?C2
- 96A NONSPECIFIC COMPONENT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS?BOTH A AND B: COMPLEMENT AND T CELLS
- 97T CELL GROWTH FACTOR IS THIS IL AND IT ENHANCES CYTOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF LYMPHOKINE-ACTIVATED KILLER CELLS (LAK)?IL-2
- 98LYMPHOCYTE-ACTIVATING FACTOR IS THIS IL AND IT IS A POTENT MEDIATOR IN ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE?IL-1
- 99B CELL GROWTH FACTOR 2 IS AND ACTIVATES EOSINOPHILS??IL-5
- 100MULTICOLONY COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR IS WHICH IL AND IT STIMULATES HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS?IL-3
- 101NK CELL STIMULATORY FACTOR IS AND IT ENHANCES THE ACTIVITY OF CYTOTOXIC EFFECTOR T CELLS?IL-12
- 102WHICH IL STIMULATES NEUTROPHILS IN CHEMOTAXIS AND STIMULATES EARLY B CELL PROGENITOR CELLS?IL-8
- 103WHICH IL INDUCES ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE AND INDUCES THE SECRETION OF Ig?IL-6
- 104WHICH IL STIMULATES EXPANSION OF IMMATURE T AND B CELLS AND ACTIVATES THE RESPIRATORY BURST?IL-7
- 105WHICH IL ENHANCES PRODUCTION OF IgG ND INHIBITS PRODUCTION OF IgE BY ACTIVATED B CELLS?IL-4
- 106WHICH IL INHIBITS CYTOKINE SYNTHESIS?IL-10
- 107WHICH IL INCREASES THE NUMBER OF IgG-SECRETING B LYMPHOCYTES?IL-11
- 108WHICH IL STIMULATES PROLIFERATION OF T CELLS AND MAST CELLS?IL-9
- 109WHICH IL INHIBITS ACTIVATION OF MACROPHAGES?IL-13
- 110WHICH IL IS PRODUCED IN RESPONSE TO VIRAL INFECTION?IL-15
- 111WHICH IL ACTS AS A T CELL CHEMOATTRACTANT?IL-16
- 112WHICH IL ACTS AS A B CELL GROWTH FACTOR?IL-14
- 113WHICH IL ACTS AS A SYNERGIST WITH IL-12?IL-18
- 114WHICH IL SUPPRESSES ACTIVITIES OF Th1 AND Th2?IL-19
- 115WHICH IL IS ASSOCIATED WITH SKIN INFLAMMATION?IL-20
- 116WHICH IL INDUCES GRANULOPOIESIS?IL-17
- 117WHICH IL PROMOTES INCREASED PRODUCTION OF T CELLS?IL-21
- 118WHICH IL IS SOMEWHAT SIMILAR TO IFN-a, IFN-b, AND IFN-y?IL-22
- 119WHICH IL IS A MEMBER OF THE IL-17 CYTOKINE FAMILY?IL-25
- 120WHICH IL SHARES SOME IN VIVO FUNCTIONS WITH IL-12?IL-23
- 121T/F: CYTOKINES SECRETED BY LYMPHOCYTES ARE ALSO CALLED LYMPHOKINES?TRUE
- 122T/F: CYTOKINES ARE POLYPEPTIDE PRODUCTS OF ACTIVATED CELLS.TRUE
- 123T/F: CYTOKINES ARE RELEASED ONLY IN RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC ANTIGENS.FALSE
- 124T/F: MOST CYTOKINES HAVE MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES AND ACT ON NUMEROUS CELL TYPES.TRUE
- 125WHAT IS UNABLE TO STIMULATE T CELL PROLIFERATION?TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR
- 126WHAT ACTS BETWEEN LEUKOCYTES?INTERLEUKINS
- 127WHAT WAS DISCOVERED IN VIRALLY INFECTED CELLS?INTERFERONS
- 128WHAT PROVIDES A LINK BETWEEN THE LYMPHOID HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM?COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS
- 129TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTORS?ALL OF THE ABOVE: ARE PRODUCTS OF VIRALLY TRANSFORMED CELLS, CAN BE A POTENT INHIBITOR OF IL-1-INDUCED T CELL PROLIFERATION IN THEIR BETA FORM, AND ARE IMPORTANT IN INFLAMMATION, TUMOR DEFENSE, AND CELL GROWTH
- 130WHICH ACTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERFERON?INTERFERES WITH VIRAL REPLICATION
- 131TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) DIFFERS FROM IL-1 IN THAT TNF IS NOT ABLE TO?STIMULATE T CELL PROLIFERATION
- 132WHAT STIMULATES HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTOR?COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS
- 133WHAT IS THE ENCODING GENE LOCATED IN THE HLA REGION BETWEEN THE HLA-DR AND HLA-B LOCITUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR
- 134WHAT INDUCES PHENOTYPIC TRANSFORMATION IN NON-NEOPLASTIC CELLSTRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTORS
- 135T/F: THE QUALITY OF TEST RESULTS IN AN AGGLUTINATION REACTION DEPENDS ON WHETHER THE CARRIER IS ARTIFICIAL OR BIOLOGICAL.FALSE
- 136FLOCCULATION PROCEDURES DIFFER FROM LATEX AGGLUTINATION PROCEDURES BECAUSE?SOLUBLE ANTIGEN REACTS WITH ANTIBODY
- 137IN A HEMAGGLUTINATION TECHNIQUE, ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN IS USED AS AN ENHANCEMENT MEDIUM TO DETECT ___?IgM
- 138THE PROZONE PHENOMENON CAN RESULT IN A?FALSE-NEGATIVE REACTION
- 139THE EFFECT OF COMPETING ANTIBODIES SEEKING TO ATTACH TO ANTIGEN SITES IS CALLED?STERIC HINDRANCE
- 140THIS METHOD CAN NOT BE USED TO ENHANCE THE AGGLUTINATION OF IgG ANTIBODIES?ACIDIFYING THE MIXTURE
- 141ALL THE ERYTHROCYTES ARE COMBINED INTO ONE SOLID AGGREGATE; CLEAR SUPERNATENT IS WHAT GRADE?4+
- 142FEW ISOLATED AGGREGATES; SUPERNATENT APPEARS RED IS WHAT GRADE?MIXED FIELD
- 143MEDIUM-SIZED AGGREGATES; CLEAR SUPERNATENT IS WHAT GRADE?2+
- 144A FEW SMALL AGGREGATES; TURBID AND REDDISH SUPERNATENT IS WHAT GRADE?1+
- 145A CLASSIC TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETECTION OF VIRAL ANTIBODIES IS?INDIRECT HEMAGGLUTINATION
- 146PRECIPITATION IS?AGGREGATION OF SOLUBLE TEST ANTIGENS
- 147AGGLUTINATION IS?AGGREGATION OF PARTICULATE TEST ANTIGENS
- 148COAGGLUTINATION IS?USES ANTIBODIES BOUND TO A PARTICLE TO ENHANCE VISIBILITY OF AGGLUTINATION
- 149FLOCCULATION IS?BASED ON THE INTERACTION OF SOLUBLE ANTIGEN WITH ANTIBODY, RESULTING IN FORMATION OF A PRECIPITATE OF FINE PARTICLES
- 150HEMAGGLUTINATION IS?AGGLUTINATION OF ERYTHROCYTES IN TESTS FOR ANTIBODY DETECTION
- 151ARTIFICIAL OR BIOLOGICAL CARRIERS THAT CAN BE USED IN AN AGGLUTINATION REACTION INCLUDE?ALL OF THE ABOVE: LATEX PARTICLES, COLLOIDAL CHARCOAL, AND ERYTHROCYTES COATED WITH ANTIGEN IN A CONSTANT AMOUNT
- 152SENSITIZATION IS?BOTH A AND B: IS THE FIRST PHASE OF AGGLUTINATION AND REPRESENTS THE PHYSICAL ATTACHMENT OF ANTIBODY MOLECULES TO ANTIGENS ON THE RBC MEMBRANE
- 153T/F: AGGLUTINATION CAN BE USED TO ENHANCE REACTIONS BY INCREASING PH OF THE REACTIONFALSE
- 154TINY AGGREGATES THAT ARE BARELY VISIBLE MICROSCOPICALLY IS WHAT GRADE?WEAK (1+ OR 2+)
- 155SEVERAL LARGE AGGREGATES IS WHAT GRADE?3+
- 156NO AGGREGATES IS WHAT GRADE?NEGATIVE
- 157T/F: THE PRESENCE OF HCG IN MATERNAL URINE OR SERUM PERSISTS THROUGHOUT PREGNANCYFALSE
- 158T/F: HCG IS DETECTABLE WITHIN 102 HOURS AFTER THE LAST EXPECTED MENSTRUAL PERIODFALSE
- 159THE MOST COMMON LABORATORY METHOD FOR DETECTING HCG IS?LATEX AGGLUTINATION
- 160IN THE LATEX AGGLUTINATION METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF HCG, NO AGGLUTINATION INDICATES THE?PRESENCE OF HCG
- 161CAN A URINE SPECIMEN FOR PREGNANCY TESTING BE FROZEN?YES
- 162T/F: A FALSE-POSITIVE REACTION IN A LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST FOR HCG CAN BE CAUSED BY TAKING ORAL CONTRACEPTIVEFALSE
- 163If the first line of nonspecific body defense, intact skin, is cut with a piece of glass contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, which cellular component of the immune system quickly responds?NEUTROPHILS
- 164Place the stages of phagocytosis in the correct sequence of occurrencechemotaxis, adherence, engulfment, phagosome formation, fusion, and digestion and destruction
- 165Primary phagocytic cellsPMN leukocytes AND Mononuclear monocytes-macrophages
- 166Recognition of foreign antigenLYMPHOCYTES
- 167Antibody-synthesizing cellsPLASMA CELLS
- 168Homeostatic regulator of inflammationEOSINOPHIL
- 169High concentrations of heparin and histamineBASOPHIL
- 170Principal leukocyte associated with phagocytosisNEUTROPHIL
- 171What is the source of undifferentiated T lymphocytes?BONE MARROW
- 172Surface markers on lymphocytes can be used to:a. identify and count CD4+ and CD8+ cells.
b. classify leukemic cells.
c. monitor patients on immunotherapy. - 173Cluster designation (CD) antigens are involved in various lymphocyte functions, which can include:a. promotion of cell to cell interactions and adhesion.
b. transduction of signals that lead to lymphocyte activation. - 174When mature T lymphocytes leave the thymus, their T cell receptors are either CD4+ or _______.CD8+
- 175Play a greater role in the regulation of antibody production and the release of cytokines required for B cell differentiationHelper T type 2 (Th2)
- 176Responsible for cell-mediated effector mechanismsHelper T type 1 (Th1)
- 177Regulatory T (Treg)Are an immunoregulatory type of helper T cells (Th cells)
- 17880% OF T LYMPHOCYTESBLOOD
- 17960% OF T LYMPHOCYTESLYMPH NODES
- 18010% OF T LYMPHOCYTESBONE MARROW
- 181Complement is characterized by all except:normally present in the circulation as an active enzyme
- 182Functions of the complement system include:a. host defense against infection, such as chemotaxis.
b. clearance of apoptotic cells.
c. clearance of immune complexes from the tissues. - 183The classic complement pathway is activated by:factor B
- 184The alternate complement pathway is activated by:bacterial exotoxins
- 185The physiologic or cellular consequences of complement activation can include:a. production of inflammatory mediators.
b. cytolysis or hemolysis.
c. opsonization. - 186The membrane attack complex (MAC) is characterized by all except:the complement cascade reaches full amplitude at this stage
- 187Increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections can be caused by:a. deficiency of the opsonic activities of complement.
b. any deficiency that compromises the lytic activity of complement.
c. deficient function of the mannose-binding lectin pathway. - 188Interferons:mediate the early immune response to viral infections.
- 189Which of the following characteristics is representative of C-reactive protein (CRP)?a. The first acute-phase reactant to become elevated
b. Nonspecific indicator of inflammation
c. Acute-phase reactant - 190The measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used for all except:diagnosis of viral septicemia.
- 191The definition of the term agglutination is?ALL OF THE ABOVE: a. visible expression of the aggregation of antigens and antibodies.
b. formation of a framework in which antigen particles or molecules alternate with antibody molecules.
c. term used to describe the aggregation of particulate test antigens. - 192Precipitation is the term applied to?aggregation of soluble test antigens
- 193An artificial carrier could be:BOTH A AND B: a. latex particles.
b. colloidal charcoal. - 194With agglutination inhibition in pregnancy testing, a negative result is evidenced by _____________________.agglutination
- 195The first phase of agglutination represents:BOTH A AND C:
a. physical attachment of antibody molecules to antigens on the erythrocytic membrane.
c. a reversible chemical reaction. - 196The most efficient type of antibodies in agglutination reactions are _________.IgM
- 197Anti–human globulin (AHG) is used to:form cross-links between antibodies bound to the surface of erythrocytes.
- 198Prozone phenomenon?An excessive antibody concentration produces a false-negative reaction
- 199Postzone phenomenon?An excessive antigen concentration results in no lattice formation