Karteikarten
Evolutionary Relationships
Karten in diesem Stapel (59)
- 1EvolutionThe process of gradual genetic change in the gene pool of a population over time
- 2Gene poolThe collection of genes and their alleles present in a population of organisms
- 3Allele frequencyThe relative number of a certain allele of a gene in a population that causes evolutionary change. Expressed as a decimal
- 4PopulationGroup of organisms of the same species living in a certain area
- 5MicroevolutionChange in allele frequency in a population
- Accumulates change but still the same species - 6MacroevolutionDevelopment of a new species
- 7VariationGenetically based differences in a population between individuals that are inherited
- 8PolymorphismA population whose members who variation for one particular trait as there are multiple alleles in the gene pool.
- 9SelectionThe processes occurring in a particular environment that causes some organisms with an advantageous phenotype to survive and reproduce and those without it to decline in number
- 10Selection pressuresAn abiotiv or biotic factor, in external and internal environmental, that reduces the fitness of a particular phenotype in a population of an organism. Influences change
- 11Fitness valueThe measure of biological success of an organism in terms of the number of viable offspring it produces
- 12AdaptationA feature of an organism that helps it to survive long enough to produce viable offspring
- 13Natural selectionA natural process that occurs in ecosystems where the organism might have an advantageous trait, giving the a higher fitness value and is more likely to reproduce and pass on alleles to the next generations
- 14Artificial selectionHumans decided which animals or plants leave offspring
- 15Replica platingEvidence for the fact that natural selection does not generate variation. Relative positions
- 16Heterozygote advantageDue to the unusual nature of the red blood cells, common and sickle cell
- 17Sexual selectionThe behavior and colouring of some species can attract the alleles of another
- 18Gene FlowMovement of genes as an exchange of alleles between poplation
- 19MigrationConsist of immigration (coming into Aus) and emigration (coming out of class)
- 20Genetic DriftChance effects or events that cause an unpredictable change in the frequency of alleles from generation to generation. Greatest effect in small populations
- 21BottleneckWhen an event produces a domestic natural reduction that causes me to lose the 300 000 000 years
- 22Founder effectFew individuals carrying a small proportion for the original gene
- 23Transitional fossilsAn intermediate form of an organism
- 24Fossil recordPreserved remains, traces or impression of organisms
- 25StratigraphyRelative age based the fossils stratum in comparison with the igneous rock of known age. Higher layer = younger, lower layers = older
- 26Index fossilsDistinctive and abundant organism that are easily recognisable that had a wide geographic distribution for a short period of time.
- 27Absolute datingA numerical date is put on the fossil, rock or biological sample
- 28Relative datingThe way that the strata in which sedimentary rocks are used to find the relative age of each fossil wherein the lower the layer, the older the fossil
- 29Radiometric datingUsing radioactive isotopes which decay at a constant rate, its half life, to determin the ratio of parent to daughter isotopes in sample.
- 30ThermoluminescenceEmission of light from mineral when located where the amount of light is proportional to mount of radiation absorped which indicates age
- 31Precambrianorigin of Earth, prokaryotic and eukaryotic (single cell and multicelular(
- 32PalaeozoicRapid diversity of animals to Permian extinction and Cambrian
- 33PMesozoicAge of reptiles
- 34Cretaceous extinctionMass extinction of dinosaurs which opened up new niches for other species
- 35CenozoicCurrent Eara
- 36BiogeographyThe study of the geographical distribution of organisms on earth
- 37GondwanaSupercontinent which linked the countries of southern hemisphere together
- 38Continental driftThe action of plate tectonics to move the continents gradually move together
- 39Comparative morphologyUsing similarities and differences in structure or anatomy to identify relationships
- 40Homologous structuresStructures that have a fundamental similarity indicating a common ancestor but may have different functions
- 41Analogous structuresStructures of an organism that have the same function but not the same basic structure
- 42Comparative embryologyUsing the length of similar phases in organisms to show relationship.
- 43Vestigial structuresSeemingly non functional structures found in organisms that resemble those in other ones or in ancestral species
- 44Phyogenetic TreesGrouping homologous feature to show relation through evolutionary desent fo a common ancestor
- 45Gene comparisonsGene linkage groups that lie close together on the same chromosome
- 46Protein sequencingSequencing amino acids which gives some indication of changes in DNA however as the code is generate, not very acurate
- 47DNA hybridisationThe disassociation and recombining of the separate pieces of DNA after which the heat is applied and the level of hybridisation is related to the similarity
- 48Comparative genomicsStudying the whole genome structure ad function across different species by using various techniques for molecular analysis
- 49Mitochondrial DNA- more discrete genetic change
- low number of bases
- no recombination
- more copies avaliable - 50Molecular clockA gene at which the rate of base substitution is known
- 51Divergent evolutionEvolution of different species from a common ancestral species
- 52Adaptive RadiationExplosive and rapid divergence of evolutionary lineage
- 53Convergent evolutionUnrelated groups of organisms separately develop similar traits due to common selection pressures
- 54Races and subspeciesGenetic differences across a geographic range as each is physically separated but still able to interbreed
- 55Allopatric speciationGeographic isolation divides parent populations after migrating from the daughter populations
- 56Sympatric speciationInvolves a population diverging into two separate species without a geographical barrier
- 57Reproductive isolationDue allopatric and sympatric speciation is inhibited between individuals of two different organisms
- 58PolyploidyWhole sets of chromosomes extra which can cause sudden and instant explosion
- 59Mass extinctionWhen an organism is not able to cope with the environment and all members die
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- Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) Biology (Unit 4 AOS 2 - Evolution) Karteikarten am Evolutionary Relationships, erstellt von Minoshka Bocarro am 08/09/2016.
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