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astronomy

laura russo Englisch 62 Karten

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  1. 1Surface of celestial sphereconstellations
  2. 2how many constellations88
  3. 3celestial sphere appears to revolve around earth for how longonce in each day-night cylcle
  4. 4how are poles and equator determined?extending the axis of rotation and equatorial plane of earth onto celestial sphere
  5. 5Earths axis of rotation is titled at ___ degrees23.5
  6. 6What does the tilt do?causes seasons
  7. 7How are equinoxes and solstices determined?by the relationship between the sun's path on the celestial sphere and celestial equator
  8. 8precessionearth's axis of rotation slowly changes direction relative to the stars over thousands of years
  9. 9what causes precessionsthe gravitational pull of the sun and the moon on earth
  10. 10length of dayearth's rotation rate + the avg motion of earth around the sun
  11. 11Equinoxsun directly over equator - 12 hours day and 12 hours of night
  12. 12vernal equinoxmarch 20
  13. 13autumnal equinoxsept 22
  14. 14solsticelocation of the sun relative to the earth - longest/shortest day light
  15. 15Winter solsticedec 22 - farthest south
  16. 16summer solsticejun 21 - rises farthest north
  17. 17what causes the phases of the moonthe relative positions of earth, sun, moon
  18. 18synodic monthone cycle - 29.5 days
  19. 19sidereal monthone orbit of moon around earth - 27.3 days
  20. 20Phases of Moonnew, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning cresent
  21. 21umbradirect light completely blocked
  22. 22penumbralight source only partially obscured
  23. 23lunar eclipsemoon moves directly behind earth into its umbra
    sun-earth-moon
  24. 24solar eclipsea strip of earth passes through the moon's umbra
    sun-moon-earth
    (moon covers sun)
  25. 251 AUdistance from sun to earth
    93 mill miles
  26. 26scientific notationconvenient shorthand for writing very large or small numbers
  27. 27scientific methodprocedure for formulation theories that correctly predict how the universe behaves
  28. 28What makes it scientific?must be testable
  29. 29Kepler modified Copernicus' heliocentric theory by......showing that orbits are elliptical
  30. 30Sidereal orbital perioda period of a plant is measured with respect to the stars and determines the length of a planets year
  31. 31synodic periodmeasured with respect to the sun as seen from the earth
  32. 32What did Galileo discover that supported the heliocentric viewphases of venus and moons of juptier - by using a telescope
  33. 33Newtons Laws of motionused to deduce kepler's laws and to describe most planetary motions with extreme accuracy
  34. 34Newtons First Lawan object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net force.
  35. 35Newtons Second Lawthe sum of the forces F on an object is equal to the mass m of that object multiplied by the acceleration a of the object: F = ma
  36. 36Newtons Third LawWhen one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body.
  37. 37Mass of an Objecta measure of the amount of matter in it
  38. 38Weight of an objectmeasure of the force with which the gravity of a world pulls on an object mass when the 2 objects are at rest with respect to each other
  39. 39Ellipsethe path of an astronomical object around another
  40. 40parabola/hyperbolaobjects with these orbits fly away never to return
  41. 41photonspackets of vibrating electric and magnetic fields - carry energy through space at same speed - speed of light
  42. 42speed of light300,000 km/s
  43. 43Longest to shortest wavelengthradio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, gamma rays
  44. 44wavelength of visible light photon is associated with its _____color
    range = 400 nm (violet) - 700 nm (red)
  45. 45telescopes most important functiongather as much light as possible
    (also resolves and magnifies)
  46. 46Reflecting telescopesproduce images by reflecting light rays from concave mirrors to a focal point
  47. 47Refracting telescopeproduce images by bending light rays as they pass through a glass lens
  48. 48problems with refracting telescopesglass impurity, opacity to a certain wavelength, and structural difficulties - cant build very large
  49. 49Radio telescopes have ______ that are used to focus radio waveslarge, reflecting antennas
  50. 50interferometrymult telescopes connected to make one large telescope
    very sharp radio images are produced this way
  51. 51Earth's atmosphere and photonsfairly transparent to most visible light and radio waves, along with some infrared and ultraviolet arriving from space. absorbs much of the electromagnetic radiation at other wavelengths
  52. 52Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)record images on many telescopes used between infrared and xray wavelengths
  53. 53by studying the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation emitted and absorbed by an astronomical object, astronomers can learn about the object's...temperature, chemical composition, rotation rate, companion objects, movement through space
  54. 54blackbodyhypothetical object that completely absorbs all the electromagnetic radiation that strikes it. the relative intensities of radiation at diff wavelengths that is then emits depend only on its temperature
  55. 55Wien's Lawthe peak wavelength of radiation emitted by a blackbody is inversely proportional to its temp
    the higher the temp, the shorter the peak wavelength
  56. 56Stefan - Boltzmann Lawa hotter blackbody emits more radiation at every wavelength than does a cooler blackbody
  57. 57spectroscopythe study of electromagnetic spectra
    provides important info about the chem comp of remote astronomical objects
  58. 58Kirchhoff's 3 Laws of spectral analysisdescribe the conditions under which absorption lines, emission lines, and a continuous spectrum can be observed
  59. 59Spectral lines serve as...distinctive "fingerprints" that identify the chemical elements and compounds comprising a light source
  60. 60Atomsmall, dense nucleus (=protons + neutrons) surrounded by orbiting electrons
    different elements have diff # of protons
    different isotopes have diff #of neutrons
  61. 61the nuclei of some atoms are stable, while others...(radioactive ones) spontaneously split into pieces
  62. 62—

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Karteikarten am astronomy, erstellt von laura russo am 04/10/2016.
Erstellt von
laura russo
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