Karteikarten
Biology Unit 2 Key word cards
Karten in diesem Stapel (82)
- 1What is an active site?The site on the enzyme where the reactants bind.
- 2What is an algal cell?Single or multicellulr organism that can photosynthesise, but is not a plant.
- 3What is an allele?A version of a particular gene
- 4What are amino acids?The building blocks of protein.
- 5What is amalayse?An enzyme made in the pacreas and salivary gland which is used to break starch down into glucose.
- 6What is a bacterial colony?A population of billionsof bacteria grown in culture.
- 7What is bile?A liquid made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder which is released into the small intestine to neutralise acids.
- 8What is biological detergent?Washing detergents that contain enzymes.
- 9What is carbohydrase?An enyme which speeds up the breaking up of carbohydrates.
- 10What is a carrier?An individual who is hetrozygous for a faulty allele that causes a disease in a homozygous form.
- 11What is a catalyst?A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction. It is never used up.
- 12What is a cell membrane?The membrane around a cell that controls what comes in and out of the cell.
- 13What is a cell wall?A rigid structure which surrounds the cells of living organisms apart from animals.
- 14What is cellulose?A big carbohydrate molecule which makes up plant and algal cell walls.
- 15What is chlorophyll?The green pigment contained in chloroplasts.
- 16What is a chloroplast?The organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.
- 17What is a concentration gradient?The gradient between an area where a substance is at high concentration and an area where it is at low concentration.
- 18What is cystic fibrosis?A genetic disease which affects the lungs, disgestive and reproductive systems. It is inherited through a recessive allele.
- 19What is cytoplasm?The water-based gel in which organelles of all living cells are suspended.
- 20Define the term "Denature".A change in the shape of an enzyme so that it can no longer speed up a reaction.
- 21Define the term "Differentiate".What a cell become specialised for a particular function.
- 22What is diffusion?The net movement of particles of a gas from an area of high concentraion to an area of low concentration.
- 23What is digestion?Breaking down molecules into smaller molecules by digestive enzymes.
- 24What are digestive juices?The mixture of enzymes and other chemicals produced bythe digestive system.
- 25What is the digestive system?The organ system running from the mouth to the anus where food is digested.
- 26What is a DNA fingerprint?The pattern produced by analysing the DNA which can be used to indentify an individual.
- 27Define the term "Dominant".The characteristic that will show up in the offspring even if only one of the alleles is inherited.
- 28What is an enzyme?A protein molecule which acts as a biological catalyst.
- 29What is epidermal tissue?The tissue that makes up the outer layer of an organism.
- 30What is epithelial tissue?Tissue made of relatively unspecialised cells that line tubes and organs in the body.
- 31What is extinction?The permanent loss of all members of a species.
- 32What are fatty acids?The building blocks of lipids.
- 33What is fructose syrup?A sugar syrup.
- 34Define the term "Genetic disorder".A disease which is inherited.
- 35What is genetic material?The DNA which carries out the instructions for making a new cell or a new individual.
- 36What is geographical isolation?When two populations become physically isolated by a geographical feature.
- 37What is glandular tissue?The tissue which makes up glands and secretes chemicals e.g. enzymes, hormones.
- 38What is glucose?A simple sugar.
- 39What is a flagellum?A tail that some bacterial cells have.
- 40What is glycerol?The building blocks of lipids (along with fatty acids).
- 41What is glycogen?Carbohydrate store in animals, just as starch is a glucose store in plants.
- 42What is an insoluble molecule?A particle that cannot be dissolved in a particular solvent such as water.
- 43What is isomerase?An enzyme that converts one form of molecule into another.
- 44What is lactic acid?One product of anaerobic resperation. It builds up in muscles with excersise.
- 45What is light energy?Energy in the form of light.
- 46What are limiting factors?Factors which limit the rate of a reaction e.g temperature, CO2 and light intensity (photosynthesis).
- 47What is lipase?The enzyme that breaks lipids down into fatty acids and glycerol.
- 48What is a lipid?An oil or fat.
- 49What is meisosis?The two stage proccess of cell division which reduces the chromosome number of the daughter cells. It is involved in making gametes for sexual reproduction.
- 50What is mesophyll tissue?Tissue in a green plant that where photosynthesis takes place.
- 51What is a mineral ion?A chemical needed in small amounts as part of a balanced diet to keep the body healthy.
- 52What are mitochondria?The site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell.
- 53What is mitosis?Asexual cell division where two cells are formed.
- 54What is a multicellular organism?An organism which is made up of different cells which work together. Some cells are specialised for a particular funtion.
- 55What is muscle tissue?The tissue which makes up the muscles. It can contract and relax.
- 56Define the term "Net movement".The overall movement of something.
- 57What is a nitrate ion?An ion which is needed by plants to make protein.
- 58What is a nucleus?An organelle found in many cells containing the genetic information.
- 59What is an organ system?A group of organs working together to carry out a particular function.
- 60What are ova?The female sex cells, eggs.
- 61What is oxygen debt?The oxygen that must be taken into the body after exercise has stopped to complete the aerobic resperation of lactic acid.
- 62What is a permanent vacuole?A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap that is there all the time.
- 63What is a phloem?The living transport tissue in plants which carries sugars around the plant.
- 64What is polydactyly?A genetic condition inherited through a dominant allele that results in extra fingers and toes.
- 65What is a predetor?An animal that preys on other animals for food.
- 66What is protease?An enzyme that breaks down protein.
- 67What is protein synthesis?The process by which proteins are made in the ribosomes based on information from the genes in the nucleus.
- 68What is a quadrat?A piece of apparatus for sampling organisms in the field.
- 69What is quantative sampling?Sampling which records the number of organisms rather than just the type.
- 70Define the term "Recessive".The characteristic that will show up in the offspring only if both of the alleles are inherited.
- 71What is a ribosome?An organelle in which protein synthesis takes place.
- 72What is a salivary gland?A gland in the mouth that produces saliva containing the enzyme amalayse.
- 73What is a sample size?The size of a sample in an investigation.
- 74What is a sex chromosome?A chromosome that carries information about the sex of an individual.
- 75What is the small intestine?The region of the digestive system where most of the digestion of food takes place.
- 76Define the term "Specialised".Adapted for a particular function.
- 77What is speciation?The formation of a new species once successful interbreeding with other population cannot take place.
- 78What is a stem cell?An undifferentiated cell with the potential to become a wide variety of cells.
- 79What is a substrate?The material or chemical on which the enzyme works.
- 80What is a transect?A measured line or area along which ecological mesurements (e.g. quadrats) are made.
- 81Define the term "Variegated".Having different colours e.g. a green and white leaf.
- 82What is a xylem?The non-living transport tissue in plants, which transports water around the plant.
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- Science (Biology) Karteikarten am Biology Unit 2 Key word cards, erstellt von wsbell98 am 09/04/2014.
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