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Studying Society Quiz
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- 1Define sociologyThe study of human social life, groups and societies.
- 2Define society.A group of people who share a culture or a way of life.
- 3What is the difference between sociology and psychology?Phycologists focus on individual behaviour whereas sociologists study social influences on group behaviour.
- 4Contrast sociology with biology?Biologists look for biological causes or characteristics when studying human behaviour whereas sociologists view behaviour as social and cultural (rather than biological).
- 5Differentiate sociology from journalismAlthough they will often cover similar issues a sociologists research will be must more thorough and unbiased than a journalists'. In addition if sociologists don't use evidence in a balanced way they will be criticised by other sociologists.
- 6Define social stratificationThe way society is divided into hierarchical strata, with the most privileged at the top and the least well off at the bottom
- 7Define socialisation.When a child learns a society's norms and values. Primary socialisation is delivered by parents and secondary socialisation is carried out by teachers, friends and the media.
- 8What is a pilot study?A small-scale trial run designed to uncover any flaws with the research methods.
- 9What is the difference between probability and non-probability sampling?With probability sampling each member of the sampling frame has a known chance of being selected whereas non-probability sampling is used when a sampling frame is not available, meaning the sample is unlikely to be representative of the population.
- 10Define sampling frameA list of members of the population being studied, for example a school register.
- 11Define the following: 1) simple random sampling 2) systematic sampling 3) stratified random sampling 4) snowball sampling1) Each member of population has equal chance of being chosen 2) Researchers take every nth item from sampling frame e.g. every 20th name from a school register 3) Population divided into strata (subgroup) according to, for example, age and gender. They then draw a random sample from each subgroup in proportion to the number in the population 4) Through contact with one member of a population the researcher is introduced to, or identifies, others in the same population.
- 12Identify 3 other form of research which involve standardised questions.Postal questionnaires, hand delivered questionnaires and structured interviews.
- 13Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of using closed questions.Ad: answers already provided so respondents can answer questions quickly. Dis: Can't expand on their responses.
- 14What are the advantages and disadvantages of using structured interviews?Ad: Can compare respondents answers and know differences reflect differences in attitude and opinion; can identify relationships between factors (e.g. feminism and gender); can be replicated to check reliability; sociologists can generalise from reliable results taken from a representative sample. Dis: interviewees have few opportunities to raise new issues; interview effect (answers may be given that are socially acceptable or show them in a positive light); interviewer effect- the interviewer's personal or social characteristics may influence the interviewees' responses. N.B. if either the interview or the interviewer effect occurs the results will be invalid.
- 15Outline two advantages and two disadvantages of postal questionnaires?Ad: one of the cheapest way to reach lots of people; can be repeated to check reliability. Dis: questions may not be understood or skipped as researcher isn't present; response rate is usually low and may not be representative of the population.
- 16Define longitudinal study.A study of the same group of people over a long period of time, allow changes in attitudes to be monitored.
- 17What are the advantages and limitations of unstructured interviews?Ad: interviewer can ask follow-up questions to explore complex issues; interviewees can explain answers in detail; provide a more authentic picture of the topic. Limitations: time consuming and expensive; interview and interviewer effect could occur; difficult to check reliability; smaller sample size so difficult to generalise.
- 18What is participant observation?Researcher joins a group and takes part in daily activities in order to study it. Researcher watches and listens to group and records observations over a period of time. PO may be carried out either overtly or covertly.
- 19What is the observer effect?When group members change their behaviour because they know they are being observed.
- 20What are the advantages and disadvantages of governmental statistics?Ad: Easy to access; cover many areas; allow sociologists to measure trends; can be used alongside primary data. Dis: Official statistics are a social construct (result of choices made by people); validity can't be checked; put together by officials so sociologists have no say in the definitions used.
- 21Identify 3 ethical issues to consider when doing research and explain each one?Informed consent- before agreeing to take part in research participants should be clearly told what the study is about and why it is being done. They have the right not to consent and to withdraw their consent at any time. Anonymity- participants should not be identified in the research. Confidentiality- personal information about the participants should be kept private.
- 22What is Functionalism?Functionalists are a group of sociologists who think very highly of society and want to explain how it works. They believe that all aspects of society have a function and are necessary for the survival of society.
- 23What is Marxism?Marxists are a group of sociologists who believe there is a conflict in society between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. According to Marxists, the bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat by paying them as little as possible for labour.
- 24What is Feminism?A social and political movement which campaigns for gender equality. Feminists believe society is patriarchal (androcentric/ male dominated) and that women are discriminated against.
- 25What is the difference between a norm and a value?Norms are unwritten social rules around how to behave in certain situations, for example shaking someone's hand when meeting them for the first time. Values are very different. They are the things a society holds to be important. For example in the UK we value equality and free speech. In order to have a functional society there must be a general agreement about what its values are.
- 26What is a subculture?A social group with its own distinct norms, values, custom, style of dress etc. For example gangs and football supporters.
- 27Define validity.Data is valid if it presents a true, detailed and accurate representation of what a sociologist is attempting to study. For example unstructured interviews are high in validity as they allow sociologists to understand how individuals and groups think and act.
- 28What is a social process?A process that involves interactions between individuals, groups and institutions. For example socialisation is a social process that involves interaction between individuals, groups (such as families) and institutions (such as schools).
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- GCSE Sociology (P1- Studying Society) Karteikarten am Studying Society Quiz, erstellt von harry.vinall am 14/04/2014.
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- harry.vinall
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