Karteikarten
Child Language Acquisition
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1Child Language Acquisition (Key Theorists)Main Key theorists
- 2SKINNER-BehavoristChildren imitate adults. Their correct utterances will be praised or reinforced when they get what they want
- 3INNATENESS-ChomskyA childs brain contains special special language learning mechanisms at Birth. Children are born with an innateness for language
- 4Cognitive-PaigetLanguage is just one aspect of a childs overall development
- 5Bruner-INTERACTIONInteraction-This theory emphasis the interaction between children and their caregivers.
- 6Some key processes: "Key" for "Keep" "Tup" for "Cup" "yeyo" for "Yellow" "Wing for ring"What are these processes:
"Key' for "Keep" Deletion of terminal consonant
"Tup" for "Cup-Substitution of initial consonant
"Yeyo" for "Yellow"-Assimilation
"Bush" for "Brush"-Consonant cluster reduction
"Wing" for "Ring"-Subsitution of a liquid with slide - 7Overgeneralisations: Feets CatchedBase:
Catch
Singular:
Foot - 8The Holophastic Stage 12 to 18 months Labelling/one word utterancesThe average child is about a year old when it speaks it's first utterances and between 12 to 18 months infants communicate in 1 work utterances. One of the functions of these utterances is to label...e.g. when a parent points to a picture in a book and the child says "Ball"
- 9The two-word stage Two word sentences begin to appear when a child is about 18 months old. They are usually in a grammatically correct sequence, often Subject + Object. E.G Jenny is sleepingFis Phenomenon-
Child: "Fis"
Adult: "This is your fis?"
Child: "No my fis !"
Adult:"Oh this is your fis?"
Child: "Yes, my fis?" - 10The fis phenomenon shows us that the child's perception of phonemes occurs earlier than the ability to produce those phonemesAlan Cruttenden observed that childrens use of irregular forms goes through these stages:
-Correct use of irregular forms (Supports immitation)
-Incorrect use of irregular forms (Overgeneralisations)
-Correct use of irregular forms - 11Roger Brown: Roger Brown found that children are rarely corrected for their mistakes. Instead corrections, (Negative reinforcement) are given more for content (factual) or lexical errors than grammatical ones. Despite the lack of correction,children learn the rules of grammar anyway.Roger Browns theory supports the idea of Nativism and Universal Grammar
- 12Holophrastic stage -Average child is about 1 year old -One word utterances//labelling -E.g. when a parent points to a picture in a book and the child says "Ball"Two Word stage:
-Two word sentences begin to appear when the child is about 18 months old
-They are usually in a grammatically correct sentence
-For example "Jenny is sleeping" would be "Jenny Sleep" - 13The Telegraphic Stage: -At around the age of two,children begin to put more than two words to produce a longer more complete utterances. -"Amy likes tea" -"Teddy looks tired"The post Telegraphic Stage:
-The child produces more grammatically complete sentences
-Combine clause structures
-Use a range of inflections to mark tense,number and phrase - 14What support is their for interactionism: Bard and Sachs: Jim the hearing child of deaf parents who was exposed to television but who's parents could not interact with him. He therefore could not interact with other properly.CDS:
Expansions-where the caregiver elaborates on the utterances of a child - 15Does Child Directed Speech (CDS) work: It seems helpful but it isn't used in all cultures. The kaluli tribe in Papu New Guinea have been identified as not using a special register for speaking to children and yet the children seem to develop language normally.Some Features of CDS:
-Repetition and/or repeated sentence frames
-A higher pitch
-The childs name rather than pronouns
-The present tense
-One word utterances/or short elliptical sentences
-Fewer words or modifiers
-Yes or no questioning - 16Michael Tomasello is one of the main theorists behind the social constructivist approach and argues that children aquire language first and foremost by understanding how others use language through the use of languageTomasello identified:
-That by the age of twelve months,children make use of a pattern finding ability that is 'Domain General'-(it is used to learn other skills as well as language)
-Finding patterns like this enables children to learn about the different forms and functions of words and to understand the international aspect of language - 17Lev Vygotsky was a russian psychologist whose ideas only became popular in the 1970's. -Suggested that language had two roles: -Communication and ThoughtVygotsky aruged that by helping children to divide up and categorize the world around them that language aids childrens grasp of concepts.
- 18What is literacy ? Literacy is reading and writing. It differs from speaking in that literacy skills are explicitly taught to children as an established part of the school curriculum from age 4.The skill of interpreting the meaning associated the meaning associated with letter words and symbols is essential for them to understand and interpret their environment.
- 19Children need to understand that written texts: -Reflect the relationship between written symbols (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes) -Have cohesion with written parts interconnecting-Are organized according to conventions according to genre. (E.g. fiction and non-fiction books are organised in different ways)
-Represent the original culture following it's rules and conventions:English is read from left to right,narratives are organized into particular structures,certain characters are well known in English Speaking cultures. - 20Jean Challs reading Stages: -The phonics approach and the look and say approach to teaching different reading -The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches -Strategies learned by teachers to help engage learners by providing variety, accommodating learning styles and attainment -Some of the feelings associated with learning to readWhat is the difference between synthetic and analytic phonics ?
Synthetic phonics teaches the children the individual phonemes independently from reading - 21—
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- A level English Karteikarten am Child Language Acquisition , erstellt von Hope Pegler am 08/06/2017.
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