Cognitive

Cognitive

1. deterministic or free will

   • deterministic because if you change thoughts change behavouir you do not have free will to change each, one determines the other 

2. reductionist or holistic

   • bases behavouir to a persons thoughts ignoring other factors and treating the problem could need more then just changing the thinking patterns or could argue it works in a range of fields and so holistic, works in developmental (S&B) and social but can be argued it doesn't look at enviroment and focuses more on inputs and outputs 

3. individualist or situational

   • looks at inputs and outputs of informations so is individualist but your situation determines the inputs  

4. Qualitative or Quantitative

   • quan
     • as often based on SR = both yochelson and samenow. Kanzi also SR 
   • qual
     • sentance kanzi said, freduian therapy in Y&S

5. Studies

   • Yochleson and Samenow
     • longtitudinal
     • quan and qual
     • mens rea
       • researchers where doctors in the hospital 
     • 52 thinking patterns
       • set themselves apart from others, restless, dissatisfied
     • freudian
     • 255 males
       • opportunity sample 
     • weak
       • only 30 left at the end and only 8 showed improvement  social desirability, criminals lied as they thought it would help their situation
     • Field
   • Loftus and Palmer
     • how infomation given after the event can change an eye witnesses perception of the event estimate the speed of a motor vehicle using different questions
     • self report
       • given questionaire asking them specfic questions with key words, how fast they were going when they hit/smashed each other IV was the wording 
     • 45 American Students
       • collected via opportunity sample 
     • independent measures
       • 5 conditions  all viewed a multiple car crash
     • lab
     • quan
     • long(ish)
       • asked a week later if they saw any broken glass 
     • weak
       • lacks eco val - car crash on video is very different to real life 

6. Method

   • lab
     • high control, low in eco vals (dement and kleitman with sleeping), cause and effect, 
   • field
     • natural behavouir, 

7. Nature or Nurture

   • our brain has an inbulit processing mechanism but this can be affected by nurture also, nurture refines the nature 

8. Ethnocentric

   • both L&P and Y&S are ethnocentric

9. Scientific

   • Very controlled, Quantitative data,   Replicable, Falsifiable (testable) you could repeat and test L&P but not S&Y/Kanzi, 

10. useful

    • has very useful applications, Y&S and Mcguire could change laws and how criminals are treated, fishers cognitive interveiw, therapy - meichenbanums stress inoculation therapy changes peoples thinking patterns to over come their stress and to tackle the situation

11. validity

    • low as people can guess the aim leading to social desirability e.g. loftus and palmer

12. exam q

    • outline the cognitive approach refering to mental processes such as language and memory. they may say that the cognitive approach compares the human brain to a computer

13. exam question

    • stengths
      • accuracy of measurement
      • use of equipment
      • high levels of control
      • reliable
      • useful
    • weaknesses
      • reductionism
      • lack of qual data
      • low in eco val