The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System

1. Pineal Gland

   • Melatonin
     • Circadian Rhythm

2. Anterior Pituitary

   • Basophiles stain blue
     • TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, MSH
       • -LH - Helps in releasing the testosterone -FSH - Helps to hold testosterone , helps build the uterus wall
       • Cell Growth
   • Acidophiles Stain Pink
     • GH, Prolactin
       • Cell growth

3. Posterior Pituitary Gland

   • ADH, Oxytocin
     • Water Balance, Stimulates Uterus for labor

4. Thyroid Gland

   • T3, T4 and C-Cells= Calcitonin , Throxin
     • Lowers Blood Ca levels
   • Hyperthyroidism = Fast Metabolism, Hypercalcimia (Moans, Groans, Stones and Bones)
     • Graves disease = An autoimmune disorder that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue.
       • Exophthalamus (Bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit)
   • Hypothyroidism = Iodine Deficiency, Slow Metabolism
     • Hashimoto symdrome

5. Parathyroid Gland

   • Chief cells = PTH
     • Raises Blood Ca Levels

6. Suprarenal (adrenal) Gland

   • Excess Cortisol
     • Cusing Syndrome (Most often due to medications (Steroids)
   • Too little cortisol and often insufficient levels of aldosterone as well
     • Addison's disease (Most often Autoimmune)
   • Small vascular tumor (Chromaffin Cells)
     • Pheochromocytoma (irregular secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
       • - Leading to attacks of raised blood pressure, palpitations, and headache.
   • Cortisol , DHEA, (epinephrine, Adrenaline), Aldosterone