LEXICAL RELATION

LEXICAL RELATION

1. There are number of diferent types of lexical relation.

   • lexicon as a network
     • Lexical Field
       • Group of lexemes that belong to a particular activity or area of specialist knowledge

2. Homonymy

   • are unrelated senses of the same phonological word.
     • Homophones, senses of the same spoken word
     • Homographs, senses of the same written word
       • Types of homonymy: 1. Lexemes of the same syntactic category, and the same spelling. 2. the same category, but different spelling. 3. different category, but same spelling. 4. differente category and spelling.
     • Homonymous sense are given separate entries.

3. Polysemy

   • Is involked if the senses are judged to be related.
     • Polysemy sense are listed under the same lexical entry
       • Lexicographers tend to use criteria of "relatedness" to identify polysemy
   • Both deal with multiple senses of the same phonological word

4. Synonymy

   • are different phonological words that the same or very similar meanings.
     • often have different distributions along a number of parameters
       • They may have belonged to different dialects ans then become synonyms for speakers familiar with both dialects or similarly the words may originate from differents language
         • Registers, those styles of language, colloquial, formal, literary, and so on, that belong to different situation
           • Synonyms may also portray positive or negative attitudes of the speaker

5. Opposite (antonymy)

   • are words wich are opposite in meaning
     • Types of opposites
       • Complementary
         • sometimes called contradictory, binary, or simple antonyms
       • Gradable
         • relationship between opposites where the positive of one term does not necessarily imply the negative of the other
       • Reverse
         • relation between terms describing movement
       • Converse
         • terms which describe a relation between two entities from alternative viewpoints
       • Taxonomic sisters
         • antonymy is sometimes used to describe words which are at the same level in taxonomy
           • taxonomies are hierarchical classification systems
             • Some taxomonies are closed or open

6. Hyponymy

   • is a relation of inclusion. Include the meaning of a more general word
     • Superordinate or hypernym is vocabulary is linked by such system of inclusion
       • Hyponymy is a vertical relationship in a taxonomy, while taxonomic sisters are in a horizontal relationship
     • Is always transitive

7. Heronymy

   • is a term used to describe a part-whole relationship between lexical items
     • Meronymy reflects hierarchical classifications in the lexicon somewhat like taxonomies
       • Meronymy may or may not be transitive

8. DERIVATIONAL RELATIONS

   • Causative verbs
     • can identify a relationship between ans adjective describing a state: state, change state(or inchoative), causative and resultative
   • Agentive nouns
     • One well-known type is derived from verbs and ends in the written dorms -er or -or