Motivation

Motivation

1. The want to achieve an aim or target. Many people are self motivated however some need a push in the right direction

   • Motivated employees are very important for a business because of multiple reasons
     • lower absenteeism- employees spend less time off work
       • higher production
         • lower staff turnover- staff are happier to stay in their jobs
         • Increased worker co-operation

2. motivational theories

   • Three main theorists and the theories they have deduced
     • Maslow's hierarchy theories
       • Physiological needs- these are basic human needs, such as food, drink and warmth
         • esteem needs: these include recognition and respect in the workplace. workers want to be recognised for a job well done
       • Safety and security needs-Include job security, routine and familiarity
       • social needs: The ability to build relationships in the workplace and to be recognised within a group

3. Self Actualisation

   • The desire to achieve ones pull potential. self actualisation occurs when an employee feels fulfilled in their work
   • if a particular need is not met then workers are not motivated
   • If lower needs in the pyramid are not met then workers cannot be motivated by needs higher up
   • once a need has been met it is no longer a motivator

4. Taylorism

   • Taylor carried out research into labour productivity while working as a labourer in a factory during the 1880s. He had a very simplistic approach towards motivation
   • The approach is if the worker are paid more they will work more productively
   • Taylor would count the number of units produced and then, if the workers met their target units, he paid them more money
   • This comes with issues, this is due to the fact that the output has to be measurable. How could we effectively calculate the output of a hotel receptionist, also not all employees are motivated by money
     • Giving more money to some employees may not increase their productivity whatsoever. This is because they are unhappy in the job, therefore their productivity is unlikely to increase

5. Herzberg's two factor theory

   • firms needed to find ways of providing job satisfaction to workers in order to successfully motivate them
   • providing more responsibility to workers, providing interesting work and chance of promotion
   • hygiene factors. Hygiene factors include pay, adequate working conditions, good quality supervision, relationships etc

6. Mayo and the human relations theory

   • Mayo formed the human relations of thought. This was to aim for managers to begin treating there employees more as people.

7. McClelland and motivational needs theory

   • Achievement motivation
   • Authority/power motivation
   • affiliation motivation

8. Vroom and expectancy theory

   • Valence
   • expectancy
   • Instrumentality