French Revolution brings terror and reform

French Revolution brings terror and reform

1. The revolutionary governments of France made reforms but also used terror and violence to retain power.

   • After the storming of the Bastille, fear was felt by peasants, clergy, and nobles alike.
   • The Old Regime had a large target on its back.

2. The National Assembly Reforms France

   • August 4, 1789
   • National Assembly swept away privileges of First and Second Estates
     • France was now “equal
     • The Old Regime was essentially dead
   • The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
     • (August 26th, 1789)
     • Promoted...
       • Liberty
       • Property
       • Security
       • Justice
     • Freedom of speech
     • Freedom of religion
     • Formed basis for slogan
       • Liberty
       • Equality
       • Fraternity
     • A State-Controlled Church
       • Church lands confiscated by the government
         • Priests were now state officials
         • Money used to pay off massive debts
         • Catholic Church lost both land and influence
       • Divisions Develop
         • Factions Split France
           • Outside Factions
             • France at War
               • The National Convention
                 • A new government declared France a Republic
                   • Adult male citizens were given the right to vote
                   • Excluded women
                 • Jacobins Take Control of The National Convention
                   • A Famous Beheading
                     • The Wars Continue
                       • Robespierre Takes Over The Terror Grips France
                         • The Reign of Terror
                           • Famous Victims of the Guillotine
                             • Effects of the Reign of Terror
                               • National Convention drafted a new government called the Directory
                                 • Made up of moderates
                                 • Restored order
                             • Louis XVI
                             • Marie Antoinette
                             • Georges Danton
                             • Maximilian Robespierre
                           • Robespierre became a virtual dictator
                             • Used his role on the Committee to execute thousands of supposed enemies
                             • Included people of all political ideologies- Liberal or Conservative, Left, Right or Center
                         • Maximilian Robespierre, a Jacobin seized power in France
                           • Headed Committee of Public Safety
                           • Wanted to wipe out France’s past
                           • New calendar
                           • Closed all churches
                       • Great Britain, Holland, and Spain join Austria and Prussia
                       • National Convention ordered a draft
                       • The French Army grew to 800,000 men
                     • Louis XVI tried for treason
                       • Executed by guillotine on January 21, 1793
                     • Marie Antoinette was executed on October 16th, 1793
                   • Radical Political Organization
                     • Leaders
                       • Jean-Paul Marat
                         • Edited a newspaper
                       • Georges Danton
                         • Lawyer known for his devotion to the poor
               • Declared war on Austria and Prussia due to interference within France
                 • Royal family held as prisoners
                 • September Massacre
                   • Citizens killed nobles, priests, and royal sympathizers
               • 1792
             • Emigres
               • Nobles who fled France
               • Wanted the Old Regime to return
             • Sans-culottes
               • Peasant workers and shopkeepers
               • Wanted even greater changes
           • Many problems still existed
             • Food shortages
           • Divisions split into 3 general groups
             • Left
               • Radicals who wanted sweeping changes
             • Center
               • Centrists who wanted some government changes
             • Right
               • Conservatives wanted few changes
         • A new constitution set up a limited monarchy, similar to Great Britain
         • Legislative Assembly
           • Could make laws
           • Declare war
           • However, the only way to get laws past was through factions in the Legislative Assembly
             • Faction
               • a small, organized, dissenting group within a larger one, esp. in politics