Engineering Surveying

Engineering Surveying

1. Define the following class of surveying

   • Topographic surveying
   • Route survey
   • Hydrographic survey
   • Aerial survey

2. 6 equipment needed for a surveyor

   • Measuring tape- used to measure distances
   • Compass- to determine direction
   • Level instrument and staff-to determine elevation
   • Theodolite-setting out curve
   • GPS-determine direction on the earth surface
   • Total station

3. Importance of survey works

   • The assessment of the suitability of land for the construction of building or civil engineering works
   • To identify factors that may create difficulties during the construction process
   • To determine the effect of changes on the local environment and the proposed works
   • To evaluate the suitability of sites

4. 3 sources of error

   • Gross error-due to carelessness
   • Systematic error-always recur in the same instrument or operation
   • Random error- sudden changes in temperatures or wind

5. Correction

   • Slope
   • Standardization
   • Incorrect tension

6. Total station is considered a modern instrument because it combines theodolite and EDM

7. Aerial photography provides means of capturing important data required for civil engineering projects

8. Plane surveying considers the earth to be X and Y dimension while Geodetic surveying considers it to be spherical