BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. Blood

   • Functions
     • transportation of materials
       • digested end products
       • respiratory gases
       • excretory by products
     • Protects body against pathogenic microbs & producing antibodies
     • Maintenance of chemical co-ordination &homostatis
   • Blood pressure
     • Normal BP 120/80 mm Hg
     • Systolic BP
       • Heart beat that contracts & pushes blood thru the arteries to the rest of the body
         • 110-120 mm Hg
     • Diastolic BP
       • The pressure in the artery when heart rests between beats
         • 70-80 mm Hg
     • factors that increase blood pressure
       • Age
       • sex
       • stress

2. Function- Circulating blood in the body & protecting it from micro organisms

3. Glucose & O2 are the main components to produce energy in the body

   • Blood is the transport medium of glucose & O2 to the cells & taking the waste out of cells
     • Blood has 55% plasma, 45% corpuscles
       • Blood corpuscles 45%
         • Red Blood Cells
           • Biconcave disc like cells
           • produced in bone marrow
           • life span 120 days
           • absence of nucleus
           • a pigment called hemoglobin is present
         • White Blood cells
           • They are larger in size than RBC but smaller in number. 600:1 RBC:WBC
           • Divided into 2
             • Granulocytes
               • Neutrophils
                 • 50-70
               • Eosonophils
                 • 1-4
               • Basophils
                 • 0-1
             • Non-granulocytes
               • Lymphocytes
                 • 20-40
               • monocytes
                 • 2-8
           • nucleus is present
           • produced in bone marrow
           • They destroy infected parts that enter the body by phagocytosis
             • WBC increases when microbial infections occur
         • Platelets
           • No Nuclie
             • one cubic milimeter of blood has 150000-20000 platelets
       • Blood plasma 55%
         • 92% of plasma is water. 2nd most abundant is protein
         • water protein
           • Albumin
           • Globulin
           • Fibrogen
         • nutrients
           • Monosaccharides
           • amino acids
           • Fatty acids
           • Glycerol
           • vitamines
         • Ions
           • Na+
             • K+
               • Ca+
                 • Mg+
         • Nitrogenous by products
           • Urea
             • Uric acid
               • Creatine
         • Gases
           • O2
             • CO2
               • N2
         • Hormone, Antibodies & antigens

4. The Heart

   • Arterial system
     • consists of all the arteries
       • Transports Oxygeneratex blood
         • Only the Pulmonary artery transports deoxygenerated blood to the lungs
   • Venous system
     • consista of all the veins
       • Transport De-oxygenerated blood
         • Only Pulmanory vein transports Oxygenarated blood from lungs to the left atrium of the heart
   • Heart Beat
     • Atria & ventricals of the heart contract to pump blood out of the heart
       • Contraction & dialation of heart muscles are known as heartbeat
         • 72 beats /min - healthy person
         • Contraction of Atria -
           • Called Diastole (0.1 sec)
         • Contraction of ventricals
           • Called sistole (0.3 sec)
         • after atria & ventria are in relaxed mode
           • Called Intervening (0.4 secs)
     • LUB DUB SOUND
       • LUB
         • produced wehen bicuspid and tricuspid valves close
           • Longer sound
       • DUB
         • When semi lunar valves close
           • shorter sound

5. Double Blood Circulation

   • Pulmonary circulation
     • Blood circulation where blood flow through lungs
       • The right ventricle of the heart act s as the pump
   • Systemic circulatoin
     • Blood flow through the rest of the organs
       • Left ventricle of the heart acts like the pump
   • In human iblood circulates once thru the body & flows twice thru the Heart. This is double circulation
   • Process
     • Oxygenrated blood come tn the Pulmonary vein enters the left artrium
       • left atrium contracts and pushes the blood thru the valve to the left Atrium
         • The left ventrical contracts
           • Blood is pushed to the Aorta thru the Aortic valve
             • Aorta takes O2 blood to all parts of the body except the lungs
               • The blood goes thru arteries & capillaries
                 • The deoxygenarated blood goes thru veins & venacava back to the heart to the right atrium
                   • The right atrium contracts & de O2 blood goes into the right ventrium thru the valve to the right ventrical
                     • right ventrium contracts & deO2 blood gets pushed to the Pulmonary artery
                       • exchange of gases in the alveoli of lungs
                         • Gas exchange in the Alveoli in lungs
                           • O2 blood flows back to heart thru Pulmonary vein
     • Left Atrium
       • Bicospid valve
         • left ventrical
           • Aortic valve
             • Aorta
               • arteries
                 • capillaries
                   • deoygenarated blood
                     • veins
                       • Venacava
                         • right atrium
                           • Tricospid valve
                             • Right ventrium
                               • Pulmonary artery
                                 • Lungs
                                   • O2 blood
                                     • Pulmonary vein
                                       • Heart Left Atrium

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