Personality and Values

Personality and Values

1. Personality - a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system.

2. Measuring Personality - Personality tests are useful in hiring decisions and help managers forecast who is best for a job and the most common sense of measuring personality is self-survey

3. Personality Determinants

   • Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception.
     • The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual’s personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes.

4. Most widely used personality framework is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

   • Big Five Model
     • Extraversion
     • Agreeableness
     • Conscientiousness
     • Emotional stability
     • Openness to experience
   • Dark Triad Machiavellianism
     • the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.
   • Narcissism
     • The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.
   • Psychopathy
     • The tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when their actions cause harm.

5. Core Self-Evaluation - bottom line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.

6. Self-Monitoring - measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.

7. Proactive Personality - people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.

8. Situation strength theory: - Indicates that the way personality translates into behavior depends on the strength of the situation.

9. Contrast Terminal and Instrumental Values

   • Values is a basic convictions about what is right, good, or desirable.
   • Value system which it ranks values in terms of intensity.
   • Terminal values: desirable end-states of existence.
   • Instrumental values: preferred modes of behavior or means of achieving terminal values.