Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Spoken English
- Grice's Maxims
- Quality
- be truthful
- Quantity
- don't say too much or little
- Relevance
- keep to the point
- Manner
- clear? orderly way?
- formal and informal
- hedge terms
- words & phrases which soften the force of smth is said
- rhetorical devices
- to evoke an emotional response in the audience
- hyperbole, personification, metaphor
- repetitions
- to emphasis
- scripted
- to buy time
- unscripted/ spontaneous
- tag question
- turning a declarative sentence into a question
- it's a bit expensive isn't it?
- colluqual idiom
- phrases that don't serve any function
- As far as I can see, the thing is
- tone/register
- formal
- scripted speech
- pragmatic
- an approach that focus more on contexts and purposes of people talking to each other rather than structures
- prosodic features
- features to mark out key meanings in a message
- rhythm, pitch, tempo, stress and intonations
- paralinguistic features
- body language
- to add meaning o the speaker's message beyond spoken words
- non-verbal
- laughter
- courtesy terms
- please, thank you
- informal
- unscripted speech/ spontaneous
- fillers
- no conversational meaning usually to buy time to think
- um, ah, er
- phatic talk
- conversational utterances that have no concrete puposes
- to maintain relationship
- small talk
- how are you?/ fine; cold isn't it/freezing
- pace/ timing
- non-fluency features
- overlaps, interruptions, hesitations, pauses
- conversational speech
- in- slang or in-jokes, daily convo.
- contractions
- can't and she'll instead of cannot and she will
- unfinished sentences
- overlaps
- topic shifts
- back-channel features
- give feedback to show conversation is being followed or understood
- I know, yeah, really
- dialect
- distinctive grammar and vocabulary (regional)
- idiolect
- distinctive accent by individual
- groups of words
- lexicon
- same field of study
- tyre, oil, engine
- jargon
- similar profession or group
- medical jargon